中国六大茶类详解：绿茶、白茶、黄茶、青茶、红茶和黑茶的区别
茶叶分类基础 | Tea Classification Basics
中国著名茶叶专家陈椽教授在1979年根据茶叶品质、制作工艺及茶多酚氧化程度，将中国茶分为六大类：绿茶、白茶、黄茶、青茶（乌龙茶）、红茶和黑茶。这一分类体系成为现行国家标准的基础。
Professor Chen Chuan, a renowned Chinese tea expert, classified Chinese tea in 1979 into six main categories based on quality, processing methods, and polyphenol oxidation levels: green tea, white tea, yellow tea, oolong tea, black tea, and dark tea. This classification system forms the basis of current national standards.
六大茶类详解 | Detailed Explanation of 6 Tea Types
1. 绿茶 Green Tea (不发酵 Non-fermented 0%)
代表品种：龙井、碧螺春、信阳毛尖
Representative varieties: Longjing, Biluochun, Xinyang Maojian
特点：杀青工艺保留天然成分，茶汤清绿，富含茶多酚
Characteristics: Fixation process preserves natural compounds, clear green liquor, rich in polyphenols
2. 白茶 White Tea (轻微发酵 Light fermentation 20-30%)
代表品种：白毫银针、白牡丹
Representative varieties: Baihao Yinzhen, White Peony
特点：自然萎凋，保留白色茸毛，滋味清淡回甘
Characteristics: Natural withering preserves white hairs, light taste with sweet aftertaste
3. 黄茶 Yellow Tea (微发酵 Slight fermentation 10-20%)
代表品种：君山银针、霍山黄芽
Representative varieties: Junshan Yinzhen, Huoshan Yellow Bud
特点："闷黄"工艺形成黄叶黄汤，独特闷熟香气
Characteristics: "Yellowing" process creates yellow leaves and liquor, unique mellow aroma
4. 青茶/乌龙茶 Oolong Tea (半发酵 Semi-fermented 30-60%)
代表品种：铁观音、大红袍、冻顶乌龙
Representative varieties: Tieguanyin, Da Hong Pao, Dongding Oolong
特点：部分发酵产生"绿叶红边"，兼具绿茶清香和红茶醇厚
Characteristics: Partial fermentation creates "green leaves with red edges", combining green tea's freshness and black tea's mellowness
5. 红茶 Black Tea (全发酵 Fully fermented 80-90%)
代表品种：祁门红茶、正山小种
Representative varieties: Keemun, Lapsang Souchong
特点：茶多酚充分氧化，形成红汤红叶，香甜味醇
Characteristics: Complete polyphenol oxidation creates red liquor and leaves, sweet and mellow flavor
6. 黑茶 Dark Tea (后发酵 Post-fermented 100%)
代表品种：普洱茶、安化黑茶
Representative varieties: Pu'er, Anhua Dark Tea
特点：微生物发酵，可长期存放，随年份提升价值
Characteristics: Microbial fermentation, suitable for aging, increases value with years
常见误区 | Common Misunderstandings
- 安吉白茶实际是绿茶 | Anji "white tea" is actually green tea
- 大红袍是乌龙茶而非红茶 | Da Hong Pao is oolong tea, not black tea
- 茶叶并非越嫩越好 | Younger leaves aren't necessarily better
- 晚上喝茶不一定导致失眠 | Drinking tea at night doesn't necessarily cause insomnia
小贴士 | Tea Tips
初学者建议从绿茶或清香型乌龙茶开始尝试，逐步探索不同茶类。存放茶叶需注意避光、防潮、防异味。
Beginners should start with green tea or light oolong tea, then gradually explore other types. Store tea in dark, dry, odor-free conditions.
