跨境电商进口贸易全流程解析：从模式选择到清关操作
编辑导语：跨境电商指的是不同关境的交易主体通过电子商务平台达成交易，进行支付结算并通过跨境物流运送商品的国际商业活动。本文将深入解析跨境电商进口贸易全流程。
Editor's Note: Cross-border e-commerce refers to international business activities where trading entities from different customs territories complete transactions through e-commerce platforms, make payments, and deliver goods via cross-border logistics. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the complete import process.
一、市场背景与发展现状
1. Market Background and Development Status
自2016年我国提出一带一路政策以来，跨境电商呈现爆发式增长。据海关统计，2020年我国跨境电商进出口额达1.69万亿元，增长31.1%。
Since China proposed the Belt and Road Initiative in 2016, cross-border e-commerce has experienced explosive growth. According to customs statistics, China's cross-border e-commerce import and export volume reached 1.69 trillion yuan in 2020, an increase of 31.1%.
二、进口贸易四种常见模式
2. Four Common Import Models
目前跨境电商进口业务主要包括以下四种清关模式：
Currently, cross-border e-commerce import business mainly includes the following four customs clearance models:
1. CC（代购模式）
1. CC (Purchasing Agent Model)
遵循合理自用原则的个人物品邮包和快件，缴纳行邮税。适合个人买家、海淘卖家等群体。
Personal parcels and express items following the principle of reasonable personal use, paying postal tax. Suitable for individual buyers, overseas shopping sellers and other groups.
2. BC（海淘模式）
2. BC (Overseas Direct Purchase Model)
商品仓储在国外，由海外电商网站直接寄回国内。时效一般为3~15天。
Goods are stored overseas and shipped directly to China by foreign e-commerce websites. Delivery time is generally 3-15 days.
3. BC（直邮9610模式）
3. BC (Direct Mail 9610 Model)
消费者下单后，电商平台将商品分拣打包并批量运输到备案口岸，同时发送三单信息进行清关。
After consumers place orders, the e-commerce platform sorts and packages goods, ships them in batches to registered ports, and submits three documents for customs clearance.
4. BBC（保税1210模式）
4. BBC (Bonded 1210 Model)
商品先整批进口到国内保税仓，消费者下单后从保税仓发货。这是目前国家最鼓励的模式。
Goods are imported in bulk to domestic bonded warehouses first, then shipped from bonded warehouses after consumers place orders. This is currently the most encouraged model by the government.
三、跨境电商进口清关流程
3. Cross-border E-commerce Import Clearance Process
完整的进口清关流程包括六个关键步骤：
The complete import clearance process includes six key steps:
- 国内成立关联公司：用于开展销售业务和在海关备案
- Establish domestic affiliated company: For sales business and customs registration
- 海关备案：完成企业备案和商品备案
- Customs registration: Complete enterprise and product registration
- 发货入仓：境外发货至境内口岸，进入保税区
- Shipment to warehouse: Ship from overseas to domestic ports, enter bonded area
- 商品上架与下单：消费者下单后办理通关手续
- Product listing and ordering: Handle clearance procedures after consumers place orders
- 委托清关：报送支付单、订单、物流单、清单
- Entrust customs clearance: Submit payment documents, orders, logistics documents and lists
- 通关发货：三单比对通过后发货给消费者
- Clearance and delivery: After three-document verification, deliver to consumers
四、关键概念解析
4. Key Concept Analysis
1. 跨境ERP
1. Cross-border ERP
在普通ERP基础上新增对接海关平台、支付接口、物流保税仓WMS等功能，实现一键提交三单信息。
Based on ordinary ERP, it adds functions such as connecting to customs platforms, payment interfaces, and bonded warehouse WMS to achieve one-click submission of three documents.
2. 三单对碰
2. Three-document Matching
海关对订单信息、支付信息和物流信息进行比对核验，确保一致后方可放行。
The customs compares and verifies order information, payment information and logistics information, and can only release the goods after confirming consistency.
相关阅读：跨境电商SEO优化指南、新零售运营解析等专业内容。
Related Reading: Cross-border e-commerce SEO optimization guide, new retail operation analysis and other professional content.
