外贸出口全流程指南：从询盘到结汇的完整步骤
外贸出口流程是指外贸工作人员在出口工作中所进行的一系列有序活动组合，包括报价、订货、付款、备货、包装、报检、报关、装船、提单、交单和结汇等环节。
Foreign trade export process refers to a series of organized activities conducted by export professionals, including quotation, ordering, payment, goods preparation, packaging, inspection, customs declaration, shipping, bill of lading, document submission and settlement.
一、客户询盘和报价 | 1. Customer Inquiry and Quotation
客户发来询盘，要求报价。业务人员根据客户的询盘要求（产品规格、数量、交期等）进行报价。
Customer sends inquiry requesting quotation. Sales personnel provide quotes based on inquiry requirements (product specifications, quantity, delivery time, etc.).
二、商务洽谈 | 2. Business Negotiation
进行商务洽谈，明确双方的需求和条件。询问客户进口经验、目的港、运输方式（海运/空运/快递）、交易方式、交货期等关键信息。
Conduct business negotiations to clarify needs and terms. Ask about customer's import experience, destination port, shipping method (sea/air/express), transaction method, delivery time and other key information.
三、确认订单 | 3. Order Confirmation
客户确认订单后会要求制作形式发票(PI)，需包含：货物品名、数量、价格条款(FOB/CFR/CIF)、装运期、运输方式、付款方式和银行资料等重要信息。
After order confirmation, customer will request Proforma Invoice (PI) containing: product name, quantity, price terms (FOB/CFR/CIF), shipment date, shipping method, payment terms and bank details.
四、生产安排 | 4. Production Arrangement
根据付款方式不同采取相应措施：
• L/C付款：交货期前1个月确认信用证
• T/T付款：确认定金到账
• 放账客户：需经理确认
Different measures for different payment methods:
• L/C: Confirm LC 1 month before delivery
• T/T: Confirm deposit received
• Open account: Requires manager approval
五、验货流程 | 5. Inspection Process
交货期前1-2周安排验货：
• 公司验货员验货
• 客户指定验货
• 第三方验货公司
Arrange inspection 1-2 weeks before delivery:
• Company QC inspection
• Customer designated inspection
• Third-party inspection
六、文件准备 | 6. Document Preparation
准备基本出口文件：
• 出口合同(Contract)
• 商业发票(Commercial Invoice)
• 装箱单(Packing List)
Prepare basic export documents:
• Export Contract
• Commercial Invoice
• Packing List
七、商检要求 | 7. Commodity Inspection
国家法定商检产品需提前办理商检手续，发货前1周取得商检换证凭单。
Products subject to mandatory inspection require inspection procedures in advance, obtain inspection certificate 1 week before shipment.
八、运输安排 | 8. Shipping Arrangement
根据贸易条款安排运输：
• FOB条款：客户指定货代
• CIF条款：自行选择船公司
• 散货运输：需特别注意截关时间
Arrange shipping based on trade terms:
• FOB: Customer appointed forwarder
• CIF: Select shipping line
• LCL: Pay attention to cutoff time
九、报关流程 | 9. Customs Declaration
提前2天将报关资料（报关委托书、箱单、发票、合同、核销单）交给报关行办理出口报关。
Submit customs documents (power of attorney, packing list, invoice, contract, verification form) to customs broker 2 days in advance.
十、收汇结汇 | 10. Payment Settlement
不同付款方式处理：
• L/C：严格审单后交银行议付
• T/T：收到余款后寄正本提单
• 放账：需特别注意风险控制
Different payment methods:
• L/C: Submit documents to bank after careful review
• T/T: Send original B/L after receiving balance
• Open account: Pay special attention to risk control
外贸出口流程可能因国家、行业和产品不同而有所变化，需根据具体情况调整并遵守国际贸易法规。
Export process may vary by country, industry and product, adjustments should be made according to specific situations while complying with international trade regulations.
