HIV暴露前预防(PrEP)完全指南：从科学原理到实际案例
HIV暴露前预防(PrEP)完全指南：从科学原理到实际案例
The Complete Guide to HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): From Scientific Principles to Real Cases
前言 | Introduction
HIV感染包括两个关键过程：病毒识别CD4+T淋巴细胞表面蛋白并入侵，然后将病毒基因整合到人类DNA中。从HIV进入人体到大量复制约需72小时，这期间是预防的黄金窗口期。
HIV infection involves two key processes: the virus recognizes surface proteins on CD4+ T lymphocytes and invades, then integrates viral genes into human DNA. The period from HIV entering the body to large-scale replication takes about 72 hours, which is the golden window for prevention.
什么是PrEP？ | What is PrEP?
HIV暴露前预防用药(PrEP)是未感染HIV人群利用抗病毒药物预防感染的重要手段。国内外研究表明，正确使用PrEP可显著降低HIV感染风险。
HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is an important prevention method for HIV-negative individuals using antiviral drugs. Domestic and international studies show that proper use of PrEP can significantly reduce HIV infection risk.
适用人群 | Target Population
PrEP适用于以下高危人群：
- 过去6个月内与HIV感染者发生无保护性行为
- 被诊断患有性病
- 静脉吸毒并共用针具者
PrEP is suitable for high-risk groups including:
- Had unprotected sex with HIV-positive partners in past 6 months
- Diagnosed with STIs
- People who inject drugs and share needles
真实案例解析 | Case Studies Analysis
案例1：缺乏认知的大学生 | Case 1: The Uninformed College Student
大学生小H因缺乏PrEP知识而感染HIV，这反映了青少年群体中普遍存在的认知不足问题。正确的宣传教育至关重要。
College student Xiao H contracted HIV due to lack of PrEP knowledge, reflecting common awareness gaps among youth. Proper education is crucial.
案例2：用药不当的外贸从业者 | Case 2: The Irregular User
小G虽然获得了PrEP药物，但因不规律用药导致预防失败。这强调了正确用药方法的重要性。
Xiao G obtained PrEP drugs but failed prevention due to irregular usage, highlighting the importance of proper medication adherence.
案例3：成功预防的情侣 | Case 3: The Success Story
小Y通过规范使用PrEP成功预防感染，并帮助伴侣接受治疗。这证明了PrEP的有效性。
Xiao Y successfully prevented infection through proper PrEP use and helped his partner accept treatment, demonstrating PrEP's effectiveness.
正确用药方法 | Proper Usage Methods
目前有两种公认的PrEP用药方案：
- 每日1粒，连续服用7天后起效
- 性行为前2-24小时服用2粒，之后24和48小时各1粒
There are two recognized PrEP regimens:
- One pill daily, effective after 7 consecutive days
- Two pills 2-24 hours before sex, then one pill at 24 and 48 hours
重要注意事项 | Key Considerations
使用PrEP前必须：
- 确认HIV阴性
- 评估药物禁忌症
- 定期检测HIV和监测副作用
Before using PrEP you must:
- Confirm HIV-negative status
- Evaluate drug contraindications
- Regular HIV testing and side effect monitoring
总结 | Conclusion
PrEP是HIV预防的重要工具，但需要正确使用和配合其他防护措施。加强宣传教育、规范服务提供是降低HIV传播的有效途径。
PrEP is an important HIV prevention tool, but requires proper use with other protective measures. Strengthening education and standardizing services are effective ways to reduce HIV transmission.
