中国企业越南投资现状：租金超东莞 低附加值时代终结
随着全球产业链重构，中国企业正加速向越南等东南亚国家转移。 作为电子组装材料公司海外拓展部越南分部总监，王明（化名）向第一财经透露，越南已成为中国企业出海的首选地之一，但投资环境已发生显著变化。
"越南工厂租金已超过东莞" 王明表示，越南北部工业区每平方米厂房租金达5-6美元（约40元人民币），比东莞20-30元/平方米的租金高出至少三分之一。在河内等地区，厂房售价甚至达到130-150美元/平方米，比深圳贵一倍。
生产成本优势减弱 虽然越南工人月薪约3000元（东莞的一半），但生产效率较低，加上原材料进口等因素，综合生产成本比深圳高10%。每周工作6天、加班需付加班费等规定也影响了产能。
三波投资潮演变 中企在越南的投资经历了三个阶段：2000年前后的服装制鞋业、2010年左右的电子制造业，以及2018年以来的多元化投资。目前越南约90%电子产品用于出口。
全球化布局加速 王明所在公司采取"贸易先行"策略，同时布局墨西哥和泰国市场。他们计划五年内将海外收入占比提升至30%，并等待2025年越南南北高速公路开通后在中部建厂。
新挑战与新机遇 截至2024年11月，中国内地企业在越投资达301亿美元，项目5022个。2023年投资额同比增长70.8%。但专家提醒，仅20%出海企业能盈利，需做好充分准备。
"The rent of Vietnamese factories has exceeded Dongguan" Wang Ming revealed that the rent in northern Vietnam's industrial zones has risen to $5-6 per square meter (about 40 yuan), at least one-third higher than Dongguan's 20-30 yuan/sqm. In Hanoi, factory prices reach $130-150/sqm, twice as expensive as Shenzhen.
Weakening cost advantages Although Vietnamese workers' monthly salary is about 3,000 yuan (half of Dongguan), lower productivity, imported raw materials and other factors make the overall production cost 10% higher than Shenzhen. The six-day work week and overtime payment requirements also affect capacity.
Three waves of investment Chinese investment in Vietnam has gone through three phases: garment and footwear around 2000, electronics manufacturing around 2010, and diversified investments since 2018. Currently about 90% of Vietnam's electronics are for export.
Accelerating global layout Wang's company adopts a "trade first" strategy while expanding in Mexico and Thailand. They plan to increase overseas revenue to 30% within five years and wait for the completion of Vietnam's North-South Expressway in 2025 to build factories in central regions.
New challenges and opportunities As of November 2024, Chinese mainland enterprises have invested $30.1 billion in Vietnam with 5,022 projects. Investment in 2023 increased by 70.8% year-on-year. But experts warn that only 20% of overseas ventures are profitable, requiring thorough preparation.
