共和国同龄人张永奎：从外贸拓荒者到开放见证者的传奇人生
编者按：2024年是中华人民共和国成立七十五周年。作为"共和国同龄人"，1949年出生的张永奎亲历了中国从封闭走向开放的伟大历程。
[Editor's Note] The year 2024 marks the 75th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. Born in 1949, Zhang Yongkui, as a "contemporary of the republic", has witnessed China's great journey from isolation to openness.
人物档案：
姓名：张永奎
出生：1949年11月
经历：南海舰队服役17年，1985年进入重庆市对外经济贸易委员会
见证：重庆对外贸易从零起步到全面开放
[Profile]
Name: Zhang Yongkui
Born: November 1949
Experience: 17 years in the South China Sea Fleet, joined Chongqing Foreign Economic Relations and Trade Commission in 1985
Witnessed: Chongqing's foreign trade from scratch to full opening
一、外贸拓荒：从"调拨出口"到自主创汇
1. Pioneering Foreign Trade: From "Allocated Export" to Self-Earning Foreign Exchange
上世纪80年代，重庆外贸处于"三无"状态：无进出口权、无外贸经验、无国际渠道。张永奎回忆道："当时我们的产品只能通过国家调拨计划，运到沿海口岸才能出口。"
In the 1980s, Chongqing's foreign trade was in a "three-no" state: no import-export rights, no foreign trade experience, and no international channels. Zhang recalled: "At that time, our products could only be exported through national allocation plans to coastal ports."
为打破困局，张永奎团队开创性地发展"创汇农业"：
- 建立农产品生产基地
- 引进国际卫生标准
- 规范生产流程
- 政府提供补贴支持
To break the deadlock, Zhang's team innovatively developed "foreign exchange-earning agriculture":
- Establish agricultural production bases
- Introduce international hygiene standards
- Standardize production processes
- Government subsidy support
二、开放征程：从展台吆喝到全球布局
2. The Journey of Opening-up: From Booth Shouting to Global Layout
张永奎带领企业参加国际展会时，常常"一个面包当午餐，一瓶矿泉水解渴"，在展台前热情推介重庆产品。他总结出外贸"三字经"：
When leading enterprises to participate in international exhibitions, Zhang often had "a bread for lunch and a bottle of water to quench thirst" while enthusiastically promoting Chongqing products. He summarized the "three-character classic" of foreign trade:
展前：精准备展，研究市场需求
展中：热情推介，建立客户关系
展后：跟踪服务，促成实际交易
Before exhibition: Prepare carefully, research market demand
During exhibition: Promote enthusiastically, build customer relationships
After exhibition: Follow-up service, facilitate actual transactions
三、时代见证：从内陆封闭到开放前沿
3. Witness of the Times: From Inland Closure to Open Frontier
如今，重庆已成为中欧班列和西部陆海新通道的重要节点，年开行国际班列超3000列。张永奎感慨："看到智能家电、新能源汽车等重庆造走向世界，这是我们当年想都不敢想的。"
Today, Chongqing has become an important node of the China-Europe Railway Express and the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor, with over 3,000 international trains running annually. Zhang said emotionally: "Seeing Chongqing-made smart home appliances and new energy vehicles going global is something we dared not imagine in those years."
张永奎的祝福："忆往昔峥嵘岁月，看今朝国泰民安，衷心祝愿祖国更加繁荣富强！"
Zhang's Blessing: "Remembering the extraordinary years of the past and seeing the country's prosperity and people's peace today, I sincerely wish our motherland more prosperity and strength!"
