国家破产危机下 世界三大高香红茶锡兰红茶何去何从
斯里兰卡经济危机对锡兰红茶产业造成严重冲击
Sri Lanka's economic crisis severely impacts Ceylon tea industry
据媒体报道，进入7月开始，南亚岛国斯里兰卡便陷入了彻底的混乱。这个被誉为"印度洋上的明珠"的国家，同时也是世界三大高香红茶之一锡兰红茶的故乡，现在已陷入崩溃的边缘。
According to media reports, since July, the South Asian island nation of Sri Lanka has plunged into complete chaos. Known as the "Pearl of the Indian Ocean" and home to Ceylon tea - one of the world's top three high-fragrance black teas - the country now stands on the brink of collapse.
锡兰红茶的辉煌历史
The Glorious History of Ceylon Tea
1875年10磅锡兰红茶进入伦敦拍卖行，顿时成为英国上流社会的必备品。得天独厚的地理环境，造就了锡兰红茶独特的品质，它和我国的祁门红茶、印度的阿萨姆红茶和大吉岭红茶，被誉为"世界四大高香红茶"。
In 1875, 10 pounds of Ceylon tea entered London auctions and instantly became a must-have for British high society. The unique geographical environment created the distinctive quality of Ceylon tea, which along with China's Keemun tea and India's Assam and Darjeeling teas, is known as the "World's Four Great High-Fragrance Black Teas".
锡兰红茶的分类体系
Ceylon Tea Classification System
1. 按海拔区域分类：分为高地茶(1200m以上)、中地茶(600-1200m)和低地茶(600m以下)
1. By elevation: High-grown tea (above 1200m), Medium-grown tea (600-1200m), and Low-grown tea (below 600m)
2. 按产区分类：斯里兰卡有7个主要红茶产区，其中以乌瓦茶最为著名
2. By region: Sri Lanka has 7 main tea producing regions, with Uva tea being the most famous
经济危机对红茶产业的冲击
Impact of Economic Crisis on Tea Industry
2021年斯里兰卡茶叶出口创收13亿美元，但经济危机导致燃油短缺、工厂停工，产量大幅下降。全国七个茶区有264家私营茶厂和258家企业经营困难。
In 2021, Sri Lanka's tea exports generated $1.3 billion in revenue, but the economic crisis has caused fuel shortages and factory shutdowns, leading to significant production declines. Across seven tea regions, 264 private tea factories and 258 enterprises are facing operational difficulties.
国际买家考虑到供应稳定性，纷纷减少采购。日本2021年进口150万公斤锡兰茶，今年仅进口87.2万公斤。伊朗、土耳其等传统进口国也开始转向其他茶叶品种。
International buyers, concerned about supply stability, have reduced purchases. Japan imported 1.5 million kg of Ceylon tea in 2021 but only 872,000 kg this year. Traditional importers like Iran and Turkey are turning to other tea varieties.
中国市场的反应
Response in Chinese Market
国内不少新式茶饮品牌已减少使用锡兰红茶作为茶底，转向国内红茶。虽然部分供应商表示暂未受到影响，但国家破产的长期影响难以估量。
Many new tea beverage brands in China have reduced using Ceylon tea as base tea, switching to domestic black teas. While some suppliers report no immediate impact, the long-term effects of national bankruptcy are hard to predict.
随着全球茶叶市场产能过剩，斯里兰卡红茶的市场份额空缺很可能被其他国家填补。曾经叱咤国际的茶叶巨头正面临前所未有的挑战。
With global tea market oversupply, Sri Lanka's market share gap will likely be filled by other countries. The once-dominant international tea giant now faces unprecedented challenges.
