外贸企业必看：揭露国际贸易中"洋骗子"的8大常见骗术
随着全球贸易的快速发展，国际贸易欺诈案件呈现上升趋势。相比国内骗子，这些"洋骗子"往往具备更高的专业素质，对贸易、法律、运输、金融等知识融会贯通，手段更加隐蔽多样。
With the rapid development of global trade, international trade fraud cases are on the rise. Compared to domestic scammers, these "foreign fraudsters" often possess higher professional knowledge, mastering trade, law, transportation, finance and other fields, with more concealed and diverse methods.
1. 伪装成知名买方的代理人 | Posing as Agents of Well-known Buyers
一些不良中间商会把自己包装成知名买方的代理人，误导出口企业以为是与知名买方签订合同。等事后追偿时才发现，知名买方根本不是合同方。
Some unscrupulous intermediaries package themselves as agents of well-known buyers, misleading exporters into thinking they are signing contracts with the famous buyers. Only when seeking compensation later do they discover the famous buyer was never the contractual party.
2. 冒名顶替知名买方 | Impersonating Well-known Buyers
有些骗子直接冒充其他买方下单。国际贸易合同通常只需签字不需盖章，造假成本低。骗子通过提单背书就能以自己名义提货。
Some scammers directly impersonate other buyers to place orders. International trade contracts usually only require signatures without seals, making forgery costs low. Fraudsters can take delivery in their own names through bill of lading endorsements.
3. 勾结货代无单放货 | Colluding with Freight Forwarders for Release Without Original B/L
买方指定的货代可能听从买方指示无单放货。这些货代大多在中国无注册机构或规模很小，追偿困难。
Buyer-designated freight forwarders may follow buyer's instructions to release goods without original bills of lading. Most of these forwarders have no registered offices in China or are very small in scale, making compensation difficult.
4. 利用无法控制货权的运输单据 | Using Transport Documents Without Title Control
一些运输单据不代表物权凭证。骗子会指定要求提交这些单证，一边拒收单证，一边提走货物。
Some transport documents do not represent documents of title. Fraudsters will specify submission of these documents, rejecting documents on one hand while taking delivery on the other.
5. 利用特殊海关政策漏洞 | Exploiting Loopholes in Special Customs Policies
一些国家要求原买方同意退货的书面声明才能退运。骗子会拖延付款直到海关拍卖，然后要求低价购买。
Some countries require written consent from original buyers for return shipments. Scammers delay payment until customs auction, then demand to purchase at low prices.
6. 网络黑客诈骗 | Cyber Hacking Fraud
黑客入侵邮件系统，冒充出口企业要求变更收款账号，货款很快被转移。
Hackers invade email systems, impersonating exporters to request payment account changes, with funds quickly transferred.
7. 利用银行的违规操作 | Exploiting Banks' Irregular Operations
一些落后国家银行不按国际规则操作，在未获付款情况下放单给买方。
Some banks in less developed countries don't follow international rules, releasing documents to buyers without receiving payment.
8. 冒名银行工作人员 | Impersonating Bank Staff
骗子冒充银行工作人员，提供错误银行地址并冒名接收邮递，不付款即可骗取提单。
Scammers impersonate bank staff, providing wrong bank addresses and fraudulently receiving mail, obtaining bills of lading without payment.
风险防范建议 | Risk Prevention Suggestions
1. 提高警惕，识别风险信号
- 加强各个环节的风险控制
- 积极跟踪货物流转情况
- 及时催收货款
1. Stay vigilant, identify risk signals
- Strengthen risk control at all stages
- Actively track cargo flow
- Promptly collect payments
2. 借助资信调查和评估
- 了解买方注册信息、资产情况
- 核查历史进出口数据
- 比对买方提供的信息
2. Utilize credit investigation and evaluation
- Understand buyer's registration information and assets
- Verify historical import/export data
- Compare with information provided by buyers
在当前复杂的国际贸易环境中，出口企业应保持高度警惕，加强对交易细节的敏感性，做好风险防范工作。
In the current complex international trade environment, exporters should remain highly vigilant, enhance sensitivity to transaction details, and do well in risk prevention.
