中国限制镓锗出口反击美国半导体制裁 - 全球供应链面临挑战
中国宣布对镓、锗实施出口管制 | China announces export controls on gallium and germanium
7月3日晚，中国商务部和海关总署发布重磅公告，宣布对镓、锗及相关制品实施出口管制。这一举措被视为对美国半导体出口限制的强硬回应。
On the evening of July 3, China's Ministry of Commerce and General Administration of Customs issued a major announcement imposing export controls on gallium, germanium and related products. This move is seen as a strong response to US semiconductor export restrictions.
战略时机选择 | Strategic timing
此次管制恰逢美国财政部长耶伦访华前夕。分析人士认为，中国选择这个时机释放了明确的战略信号。
The controls coincide with US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen's visit to China. Analysts believe China's timing sends a clear strategic message.
中国的市场主导地位 | China's market dominance
中国在全球镓产量中占比高达96%，锗产量占全球71%。美国80%的镓和58%的锗依赖从中国进口。
China accounts for 96% of global gallium production and 71% of germanium production. The US relies on China for 80% of its gallium and 58% of its germanium imports.
关键材料的重要性 | Importance of critical materials
镓和锗是半导体制造的关键原材料，广泛应用于5G通信、光纤、太阳能电池和军事领域。
Gallium and germanium are critical raw materials for semiconductor manufacturing, widely used in 5G communications, optical fibers, solar cells and military applications.
林兰英的科学贡献 | Scientific contributions of Lin Lanying
中国半导体之母林兰英在1957年突破性地研制出中国第一根锗单晶，为中国半导体产业奠定了基础。
Lin Lanying, known as the mother of Chinese semiconductors, made a breakthrough in 1957 by developing China's first germanium single crystal, laying the foundation for China's semiconductor industry.
全球供应链影响 | Global supply chain impact
这一管制措施将对全球半导体供应链产生深远影响，可能加速各国寻找替代来源的进程。
The control measures will have far-reaching impacts on the global semiconductor supply chain, potentially accelerating countries' search for alternative sources.
中美科技竞争新阶段 | New phase in US-China tech competition
这标志着中美科技竞争进入新阶段，双方在关键原材料和技术领域的博弈将更加激烈。
This marks a new phase in US-China tech competition, with both sides engaging in more intense competition over critical raw materials and technologies.
中国的战略考量 | China's strategic considerations
通过控制关键原材料出口，中国展示了其在全球科技供应链中的关键地位和反制能力。
By controlling exports of critical raw materials, China demonstrates its key position in the global tech supply chain and its countermeasure capabilities.
未来展望 | Future outlook
这一举措可能促使全球重新评估关键原材料的供应链安全，并加速替代技术的研发。
This move may prompt a global reassessment of critical material supply chain security and accelerate the development of alternative technologies.
