中国服装外贸与跨境电商：机遇与挑战并存
近年来，中国跨境电商发展迅猛，进出口规模5年内增长近10倍。然而，在拥有世界级纺织服装产业集群的广东省，中大型外贸服装制造商对火热的跨境电商却态度冷淡。
In recent years, China's cross-border e-commerce has developed rapidly, with import and export volume increasing nearly tenfold in five years. However, in Guangdong Province, which has world-class textile and garment industry clusters, large and medium-sized foreign trade garment manufacturers have shown a lukewarm attitude towards the booming cross-border e-commerce.
"跨境电商是趋势，但对中大型企业贡献有限"
"Cross-border e-commerce is a trend, but its contribution to large and medium-sized enterprises is limited"
珠海威丝曼股份有限公司副总裁谢海龙表示："你会发现大家都谈跨境电商是个趋势，但都不谈跨境电商对自己有什么贡献，因为最难迎接跨境电商的企业，正是中大型企业。"
Xie Hailong, vice president of Zhuhai Weisman Co., Ltd., said: "You will find that everyone talks about cross-border e-commerce as a trend, but no one talks about what contribution cross-border e-commerce has made to themselves, because the most difficult enterprises to embrace cross-border e-commerce are precisely large and medium-sized enterprises."
2022年1-12月，广东省服装出口量位列全国第二，但出口下降8.6％。严峻的出口形势下，跨境电商被视为"救命稻草"，但中大型企业却面临转型困境。
From January to December 2022, Guangdong's garment export volume ranked second in the country, but exports fell by 8.6%. Under the severe export situation, cross-border e-commerce is regarded as a "lifesaver", but large and medium-sized enterprises face transformation difficulties.
小单快反 vs 大单生产
Small Orders with Quick Response vs Large Order Production
跨境电商要求的"小单快反"模式与传统外贸的"大单生产"形成鲜明对比。浙江爱度服饰有限公司创始人赖国荣表示："专做外贸的企业，一个订单下来，只一个款式，就能出上万件。如果单小，即便利润很高，厂家也看不上。"
The "small orders with quick response" model required by cross-border e-commerce is in sharp contrast to the "large order production" of traditional foreign trade. Lai Guorong, founder of Zhejiang Aidoo Garments Co., Ltd., said: "Enterprises specializing in foreign trade can produce tens of thousands of pieces with just one style in an order. If the order is small, even if the profit is high, manufacturers will not be interested."
广东省服装服饰行业协会秘书长陈韶通指出："B2B版块里有寡头效应，海外品牌与供应商的信任关系是通过十数年的合作建立起来的，门槛很高。"
Chen Shaotong, secretary-general of the Guangdong Garment and Apparel Association, pointed out: "There is an oligopoly effect in the B2B sector. The trust relationship between overseas brands and suppliers is established through more than ten years of cooperation, and the threshold is very high."
SHEIN模式的启示
The Enlightenment of SHEIN Model
SHEIN的成功展示了跨境电商的巨大潜力。2022年SHEIN收入达227亿美元，约占中国服装出口总额的5%。其成功得益于广州周边庞大的"蚂蚁军团"——大量20人左右的小工厂。
SHEIN's success demonstrates the huge potential of cross-border e-commerce. In 2022, SHEIN's revenue reached $22.7 billion, accounting for about 5% of China's total garment exports. Its success benefits from the huge "ant army" around Guangzhou - a large number of small factories with about 20 workers.
广东省现代移动互联网研究院院长文丹枫分析："这类工厂有三敢：第一，不管白天黑夜都敢做；第二，不管暴利微利都能干；第三，不管1件还是1000件都敢接。"
Wen Danfeng, president of Guangdong Modern Mobile Internet Research Institute, analyzed: "These factories have three dare: First, they dare to work day and night; Second, they can do it whether it is huge profit or small profit; Third, they dare to accept orders whether it is 1 piece or 1000 pieces."
转型升级之路
The Road to Transformation and Upgrading
面对全球产业链重构，中国服装制造商需要寻找新的出路：原创设计、面料和制造设备的研发创新、人才培养、对新模式和新渠道的持续探索。
Facing the reconstruction of the global industrial chain, Chinese garment manufacturers need to find new ways out: original design, R&D and innovation of fabrics and manufacturing equipment, talent training, and continuous exploration of new models and channels.
谢海龙表示："不用担心产业的必然转移，要保证行业上游的企业跟得上技术进步。行业萎缩也许不可避免，但不会消失。"
Xie Hailong said: "Don't worry about the inevitable transfer of the industry, but ensure that upstream enterprises in the industry keep up with technological progress. The shrinkage of the industry may be inevitable, but it will not disappear."
随着跨境电商的快速发展，中国服装外贸企业正站在转型的十字路口。如何把握机遇，应对挑战，将成为决定企业未来发展的关键因素。
With the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce, China's garment foreign trade enterprises are standing at the crossroads of transformation. How to seize opportunities and meet challenges will become a key factor determining the future development of enterprises.
