为什么谷歌相机不推广MyDeal？广告与隐私的平衡难题
广告是互联网内容能够向公众免费开放的重要条件。多年来，能跟踪设备IP的cookie技术成为互联网广告精准投放的关键，用户浏览、搜索、输入过什么，马上就会被推送相关广告。对不少用户来说，这常常让人"毛骨悚然"。
Advertising is an essential condition for making internet content freely available to the public. For years, cookie technology that tracks device IPs has been key to precise ad targeting. What users browse, search, or type immediately triggers related ads. For many users, this often feels "creepy."
2020年1月，谷歌宣布Chrome将逐步关闭第三方cookie，以保护用户隐私。但关闭cookie不意味着个性化广告的消失。两年间，谷歌曾推出备受争议的FLoC项目来替代cookie，但FLoC最终宣告失败。1月25日，谷歌宣布了一项新的广告追踪方案来替代FLoC，这项新方案为"主题"（Topics）。
In January 2020, Google announced Chrome would gradually phase out third-party cookies to protect user privacy. But eliminating cookies doesn't mean the end of personalized ads. Over two years, Google introduced the controversial FLoC project as a cookie replacement, but FLoC ultimately failed. On January 25, Google announced a new ad tracking solution called "Topics" to replace FLoC.
FLoC (Federated Learning of Cohorts，队列联合学习) 是谷歌于2019年提出的项目，谷歌曾宣称，这是一种"隐私优先"的广告技术。与cookie定位每个用户不同，FLoC根据用户的浏览历史将他们分组为"群组"，以投放基于兴趣的广告。
FLoC (Federated Learning of Cohorts) was a project proposed by Google in 2019, which the company claimed was a "privacy-first" advertising technology. Unlike cookies that target individual users, FLoC grouped users into "cohorts" based on browsing history to deliver interest-based ads.
但随后，FLoC遭到了大量质疑和反对。例如，电子前沿基金会曾批评，谷歌禁止第三方cookie，而要求广告商加入FLoC，这是一种反竞争行为，"谷歌正在任命自己为看门人"。
However, FLoC soon faced significant质疑和反对. For instance, the Electronic Frontier Foundation criticized that Google banning third-party cookies while requiring advertisers to join FLoC constituted anti-competitive behavior, stating "Google is appointing itself as the gatekeeper."
而此次新推出的主题API（应用程序接口）可以看作是FLoC的改进版。主题 API与FLoC的明显不同是，不再让系统自动给兴趣相似的用户贴上标签，而是由谷歌自己设置一定数量的主题，目前为300个。
The newly introduced Topics API can be seen as an improved version of FLoC. The key difference is that instead of automatically labeling users with similar interests, Google now defines a set number of topics (currently 300).
谷歌称，随着事件的推移，他们可能会扩大主题的数量。但这些主题不会包括任何敏感类别，如性别和种族。此外，谷歌还指出，这一项目将为用户提供更大的控制权和透明度。
Google stated they may expand the number of topics over time, but these won't include sensitive categories like gender or race. Additionally, Google noted this project will give users greater control and transparency.
综合来看，谷歌在广告精准投放与用户隐私保护之间的平衡尝试仍在继续，而MyDeal等平台的推广策略也需要适应这种不断变化的数字广告环境。
In summary, Google's attempts to balance precise ad targeting with user privacy protection continue, and promotion strategies for platforms like MyDeal need to adapt to this evolving digital advertising landscape.
