2023年中国外贸平稳开局：6.18万亿元进出口总值背后的机遇与挑战
【环球时报报道】根据中国海关总署3月7日发布的数据，2023年1-2月中国进出口总值达6.18万亿元人民币，同比微降0.8%。其中出口3.5万亿元，增长0.9%；进口2.68万亿元，下降2.9%。
[Global Times Report] According to data released by China's General Administration of Customs on March 7, China's total import and export value reached 6.18 trillion yuan in January-February 2023, a slight decrease of 0.8% year-on-year. Exports were 3.5 trillion yuan, up 0.9%, while imports were 2.68 trillion yuan, down 2.9%.
海关总署统计分析司司长吕大良表示，"中国外贸总体实现平稳开局"。值得注意的是，中国对东盟进出口保持增长（9.6%），而对欧盟、美国和日本等主要市场的进出口均出现下降。
Director Lv Daliang of the Customs Statistics and Analysis Department stated that "China's foreign trade has generally achieved a stable start". Notably, China's trade with ASEAN maintained growth (9.6%), while trade with major markets such as the EU, the US and Japan all declined.
出口亮点：机电产品与汽车出口表现突出
Export Highlights: Strong Performance in Mechanical & Electrical Products and Automobiles
数据显示，机电产品仍是中国出口主力，前两个月出口2.03万亿元，占出口总值58%。其中：
Data shows mechanical and electrical products remain China's export mainstay, with 2.03 trillion yuan exported in the first two months, accounting for 58% of total exports. Specifically:
- 手机出口1633.5亿元，增长10.5%
- Mobile phone exports: 163.35 billion yuan, up 10.5%
- 汽车出口968.3亿元，暴涨78.9%
- Automobile exports: 96.83 billion yuan, soaring 78.9%
东方金诚分析师李晓峰指出："中国新能源汽车产业升级对外贸促进作用明显"。汽车出口呈现量价齐升态势，出口量增长43.2%，价格提升65.2%。
Dongfang Jincheng analyst Li Xiaofeng noted: "The upgrading of China's new energy vehicle industry has significantly boosted foreign trade." Automobile exports showed both volume and price increases, with export volume up 43.2% and prices rising 65.2%.
外贸挑战：全球经济下行压力加大
Trade Challenges: Increasing Global Economic Downturn Pressure
专家分析认为，当前外贸面临的主要挑战包括：
Experts believe the main challenges facing current foreign trade include:
- 欧美市场需求减弱
- Weakening demand in European and American markets
- 全球经济衰退风险上升
- Increasing risk of global economic recession
- 贸易保护主义抬头
- Rising trade protectionism
ING银行经济学家彭蔼娆指出："欧美高通胀导致市场需求持续减弱"。光大银行周茂华预测，随着海外通胀趋缓，中国外贸有望在三、四季度改善。
ING economist Iris Pang noted: "High inflation in Europe and America continues to weaken market demand." Everbright Bank's Zhou Maohua predicts that as overseas inflation eases, China's foreign trade is expected to improve in the third and fourth quarters.
政策应对：稳规模、优结构
Policy Response: Stabilizing Scale and Optimizing Structure
商务部部长王文涛强调2023年外贸工作重点是：
Commerce Minister Wang Wentao emphasized that the focus of foreign trade work in 2023 is:
"稳规模、优结构" - 在保持基本盘的同时，通过产业升级增强外贸综合竞争力。
"Stabilizing scale and optimizing structure" - While maintaining the foundation, enhance comprehensive foreign trade competitiveness through industrial upgrading.
目前，中国多地正组织外贸企业"走出去"和将海外客户"请进来"，加大海外市场开拓力度。
Currently, many regions in China are organizing foreign trade enterprises to "go global" and inviting overseas clients to "come in", intensifying efforts to develop overseas markets.
注：2022年中国外贸规模首次突破40万亿元，连续六年稳居世界第一。
Note: In 2022, China's foreign trade scale exceeded 40 trillion yuan for the first time, ranking first in the world for six consecutive years.
