国际贸易与外贸的区别解析：权威指南
国际贸易和外贸是一回事吗？这是许多初入外贸行业人士常有的疑问。本文将为您详细解析两者的区别与联系。
Is international trade the same as foreign trade? This is a common question for beginners in the trade industry. This article will provide a detailed analysis of their differences and connections.
一、定义的区别 / Definition Differences
1. 国际贸易（International Trade）
也称通商，是指跨越国境的货品和服务交易，一般由进口贸易和出口贸易所组成，因此也可称之为进出口贸易。国际贸易也叫世界贸易。进出口贸易可以调节国内生产要素的利用率，改善国际间的供求关系，调整经济结构，增加财政收入等。
1. International Trade
Also known as commerce, it refers to the exchange of goods and services across national borders, generally consisting of import and export trade, hence it can also be called import-export trade. International trade is also called world trade. Import-export trade can regulate the utilization of domestic production factors, improve international supply-demand relationships, adjust economic structures, and increase fiscal revenue.
2. 对外贸易（Foreign Trade）
亦称"国外贸易"或"进出口贸易"，简称"外贸"，是指一个国家（地区）与另一个国家（地区）之间的商品、劳务和技术的交换活动。这种贸易由进口和出口两个部分组成。对运进商品或劳务的国家（地区）来说，就是进口；对运出商品或劳务的国家（地区）来说，就是出口。这在奴隶社会和封建社会就开始产生和发展，到资本主义社会，发展更加迅速。其性质和作用由不同的社会制度所决定。
2. Foreign Trade
Also known as "external trade" or "import-export trade", referred to as "foreign trade", it refers to the exchange activities of goods, services and technology between one country (region) and another country (region). This trade consists of two parts: import and export. For the country (region) that brings in goods or services, it is import; for the country (region) that sends out goods or services, it is export. This began to emerge and develop in slave and feudal societies, and developed more rapidly in capitalist society. Its nature and role are determined by different social systems.
二、国际贸易与对外贸易的区别 / Differences Between International Trade and Foreign Trade
对外贸易是指一国（或地区）同其他国家（或地区）所进行的商品、技术和服务的交换活动。因此，提到对外贸易时要指明特定的国家。如中国的对外贸易等；某些岛国如英国、日本等也称对外贸易为海外贸易。
Foreign trade refers to the exchange activities of goods, technology and services between one country (or region) and other countries (or regions). Therefore, when mentioning foreign trade, it is necessary to specify a particular country. For example, China's foreign trade; some island countries such as the UK and Japan also call foreign trade overseas trade.
关键区别总结：
1. 国际贸易是宏观概念，外贸是微观概念
2. 国际贸易强调全球视角，外贸强调国家视角
3. 国际贸易包含所有国家间的贸易总和，外贸特指某国与其他国家的贸易
Key Differences Summary:
1. International trade is a macro concept, foreign trade is a micro concept
2. International trade emphasizes a global perspective, foreign trade emphasizes a national perspective
3. International trade includes the total trade between all countries, foreign trade specifically refers to a country's trade with other countries
