Auto merge of rust-lang#123681 - pietroalbini:pa-cve-2024-24576-stable, r=pietroalbini

[stable] Prepare Rust 1.77.2 See https://blog.rust-lang.org/2024/04/09/cve-2024-24576.html

Author: bors

RELEASES.md

@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+Version 1.77.2 (2024-04-09)
+===========================
+
+<a id="1.77.2"></a>
+
+- [CVE-2024-24576: fix escaping of Windows batch file arguments in `std::process::Command`](https://blog.rust-lang.org/2024/04/09/cve-2024-24576.html)
+
 Version 1.77.1 (2024-03-28)
 ===========================
 

library/std/src/os/windows/process.rs

@@ -196,8 +196,60 @@ pub trait CommandExt: Sealed {
 
  /// Append literal text to the command line without any quoting or escaping.
  ///
- /// This is useful for passing arguments to `cmd.exe /c`, which doesn't follow
- /// `CommandLineToArgvW` escaping rules.
+ /// This is useful for passing arguments to applications which doesn't follow
+ /// the standard C run-time escaping rules, such as `cmd.exe /c`.
+ ///
+ /// # Bat files
+ ///
+ /// Note the `cmd /c` command line has slightly different escaping rules then bat files
+ /// themselves. If possible, it may be better to write complex arguments to a temporary
+ /// .bat file, with appropriate escaping, and simply run that using:
+ ///
+ /// ```no_run
+ /// # use std::process::Command;
+ /// # let temp_bat_file = "";
+ /// # #[allow(unused)]
+ /// let output = Command::new("cmd").args(["/c", &format!("\"{temp_bat_file}\"")]).output();
+ /// ```
+ ///
+ /// # Example
+ ///
+ /// Run a bat script using both trusted and untrusted arguments.
+ ///
+ /// ```no_run
+ /// #[cfg(windows)]
+ /// // `my_script_path` is a path to known bat file.
+ /// // `user_name` is an untrusted name given by the user.
+ /// fn run_script(
+ /// my_script_path: &str,
+ /// user_name: &str,
+ /// ) -> Result<std::process::Output, std::io::Error> {
+ /// use std::io::{Error, ErrorKind};
+ /// use std::os::windows::process::CommandExt;
+ /// use std::process::Command;
+ ///
+ /// // Create the command line, making sure to quote the script path.
+ /// // This assumes the fixed arguments have been tested to work with the script we're using.
+ /// let mut cmd_args = format!(r#""{my_script_path}" "--features=[a,b,c]""#);
+ ///
+ /// // Make sure the user name is safe. In particular we need to be
+ /// // cautious of ascii symbols that cmd may interpret specially.
+ /// // Here we only allow alphanumeric characters.
+ /// if !user_name.chars().all(|c| c.is_alphanumeric()) {
+ /// return Err(Error::new(ErrorKind::InvalidInput, "invalid user name"));
+ /// }
+ /// // now we've checked the user name, let's add that too.
+ /// cmd_args.push(' ');
+ /// cmd_args.push_str(&format!("--user {user_name}"));
+ ///
+ /// // call cmd.exe and return the output
+ /// Command::new("cmd.exe")
+ /// .arg("/c")
+ /// // surround the entire command in an extra pair of quotes, as required by cmd.exe.
+ /// .raw_arg(&format!("\"{cmd_args}\""))
+ /// .output()
+ /// }
+ /// ````
  #[stable(feature = "windows_process_extensions_raw_arg", since = "1.62.0")]
  fn raw_arg<S: AsRef<OsStr>>(&mut self, text_to_append_as_is: S) -> &mut process::Command;
 

library/std/src/process.rs

@@ -88,6 +88,47 @@
 //! assert_eq!(b"test", output.stdout.as_slice());
 //! ```
 //!
+//! # Windows argument splitting
+//!
+//! On Unix systems arguments are passed to a new process as an array of strings
+//! but on Windows arguments are passed as a single commandline string and it's
+//! up to the child process to parse it into an array. Therefore the parent and
+//! child processes must agree on how the commandline string is encoded.
+//!
+//! Most programs use the standard C run-time `argv`, which in practice results
+//! in consistent argument handling. However some programs have their own way of
+//! parsing the commandline string. In these cases using [`arg`] or [`args`] may
+//! result in the child process seeing a different array of arguments then the
+//! parent process intended.
+//!
+//! Two ways of mitigating this are:
+//!
+//! * Validate untrusted input so that only a safe subset is allowed.
+//! * Use [`raw_arg`] to build a custom commandline. This bypasses the escaping
+//! rules used by [`arg`] so should be used with due caution.
+//!
+//! `cmd.exe` and `.bat` use non-standard argument parsing and are especially
+//! vulnerable to malicious input as they may be used to run arbitrary shell
+//! commands. Untrusted arguments should be restricted as much as possible.
+//! For examples on handling this see [`raw_arg`].
+//!
+//! ### Bat file special handling
+//!
+//! On Windows, `Command` uses the Windows API function [`CreateProcessW`] to
+//! spawn new processes. An undocumented feature of this function is that,
+//! when given a `.bat` file as the application to run, it will automatically
+//! convert that into running `cmd.exe /c` with the bat file as the next argument.
+//!
+//! For historical reasons Rust currently preserves this behaviour when using
+//! [`Command::new`], and escapes the arguments according to `cmd.exe` rules.
+//! Due to the complexity of `cmd.exe` argument handling, it might not be
+//! possible to safely escape some special chars, and using them will result
+//! in an error being returned at process spawn. The set of unescapeable
+//! special chars might change between releases.
+//!
+//! Also note that running `.bat` scripts in this way may be removed in the
+//! future and so should not be relied upon.
+//!
 //! [`spawn`]: Command::spawn
 //! [`output`]: Command::output
 //!
@@ -97,6 +138,12 @@
 //!
 //! [`Write`]: io::Write
 //! [`Read`]: io::Read
+//!
+//! [`arg`]: Command::arg
+//! [`args`]: Command::args
+//! [`raw_arg`]: crate::os::windows::process::CommandExt::raw_arg
+//!
+//! [`CreateProcessW`]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/processthreadsapi/nf-processthreadsapi-createprocessw
 
 #![stable(feature = "process", since = "1.0.0")]
 #![deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]
@@ -611,6 +658,22 @@ impl Command {
  /// escaped characters, word splitting, glob patterns, variable substitution, etc.
  /// have no effect.
  ///
+ /// <div class="warning">
+ ///
+ /// On Windows use caution with untrusted inputs. Most applications use the
+ /// standard convention for decoding arguments passed to them. These are safe to use with `arg`.
+ /// However some applications, such as `cmd.exe` and `.bat` files, use a non-standard way of decoding arguments
+ /// and are therefore vulnerable to malicious input.
+ /// In the case of `cmd.exe` this is especially important because a malicious argument can potentially run arbitrary shell commands.
+ ///
+ /// See [Windows argument splitting][windows-args] for more details
+ /// or [`raw_arg`] for manually implementing non-standard argument encoding.
+ ///
+ /// [`raw_arg`]: crate::os::windows::process::CommandExt::raw_arg
+ /// [windows-args]: crate::process#windows-argument-splitting
+ ///
+ /// </div>
+ ///
  /// # Examples
  ///
  /// Basic usage:
@@ -641,6 +704,22 @@ impl Command {
  /// escaped characters, word splitting, glob patterns, variable substitution, etc.
  /// have no effect.
  ///
+ /// <div class="warning">
+ ///
+ /// On Windows use caution with untrusted inputs. Most applications use the
+ /// standard convention for decoding arguments passed to them. These are safe to use with `args`.
+ /// However some applications, such as `cmd.exe` and `.bat` files, use a non-standard way of decoding arguments
+ /// and are therefore vulnerable to malicious input.
+ /// In the case of `cmd.exe` this is especially important because a malicious argument can potentially run arbitrary shell commands.
+ ///
+ /// See [Windows argument splitting][windows-args] for more details
+ /// or [`raw_arg`] for manually implementing non-standard argument encoding.
+ ///
+ /// [`raw_arg`]: crate::os::windows::process::CommandExt::raw_arg
+ /// [windows-args]: crate::process#windows-argument-splitting
+ ///
+ /// </div>
+ ///
  /// # Examples
  ///
  /// Basic usage:

library/std/src/sys/pal/windows/args.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 mod tests;
 
 use super::os::current_exe;
-use crate::ffi::OsString;
+use crate::ffi::{OsStr, OsString};
 use crate::fmt;
 use crate::io;
 use crate::num::NonZeroU16;
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use crate::sys::path::get_long_path;
 use crate::sys::process::ensure_no_nuls;
 use crate::sys::{c, to_u16s};
 use crate::sys_common::wstr::WStrUnits;
+use crate::sys_common::AsInner;
 use crate::vec;
 
 use crate::iter;
@@ -262,16 +263,92 @@ pub(crate) fn append_arg(cmd: &mut Vec<u16>, arg: &Arg, force_quotes: bool) -> i
  Ok(())
 }
 
+fn append_bat_arg(cmd: &mut Vec<u16>, arg: &OsStr, mut quote: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
+ ensure_no_nuls(arg)?;
+ // If an argument has 0 characters then we need to quote it to ensure
+ // that it actually gets passed through on the command line or otherwise
+ // it will be dropped entirely when parsed on the other end.
+ //
+ // We also need to quote the argument if it ends with `\` to guard against
+ // bat usage such as `"%~2"` (i.e. force quote arguments) otherwise a
+ // trailing slash will escape the closing quote.
+ if arg.is_empty() || arg.as_encoded_bytes().last() == Some(&b'\\') {
+ quote = true;
+ }
+ for cp in arg.as_inner().inner.code_points() {
+ if let Some(cp) = cp.to_char() {
+ // Rather than trying to find every ascii symbol that must be quoted,
+ // we assume that all ascii symbols must be quoted unless they're known to be good.
+ // We also quote Unicode control blocks for good measure.
+ // Note an unquoted `\` is fine so long as the argument isn't otherwise quoted.
+ static UNQUOTED: &str = r"#$*+-./:?@\_";
+ let ascii_needs_quotes =
+ cp.is_ascii() && !(cp.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || UNQUOTED.contains(cp));
+ if ascii_needs_quotes || cp.is_control() {
+ quote = true;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ if quote {
+ cmd.push('"' as u16);
+ }
+ // Loop through the string, escaping `\` only if followed by `"`.
+ // And escaping `"` by doubling them.
+ let mut backslashes: usize = 0;
+ for x in arg.encode_wide() {
+ if x == '\\' as u16 {
+ backslashes += 1;
+ } else {
+ if x == '"' as u16 {
+ // Add n backslashes to total 2n before internal `"`.
+ cmd.extend((0..backslashes).map(|_| '\\' as u16));
+ // Appending an additional double-quote acts as an escape.
+ cmd.push(b'"' as u16)
+ } else if x == '%' as u16 || x == '\r' as u16 {
+ // yt-dlp hack: replaces `%` with `%%cd:~,%` to stop %VAR% being expanded as an environment variable.
+ //
+ // # Explanation
+ //
+ // cmd supports extracting a substring from a variable using the following syntax:
+ // %variable:~start_index,end_index%
+ //
+ // In the above command `cd` is used as the variable and the start_index and end_index are left blank.
+ // `cd` is a built-in variable that dynamically expands to the current directory so it's always available.
+ // Explicitly omitting both the start and end index creates a zero-length substring.
+ //
+ // Therefore it all resolves to nothing. However, by doing this no-op we distract cmd.exe
+ // from potentially expanding %variables% in the argument.
+ cmd.extend_from_slice(&[
+ '%' as u16, '%' as u16, 'c' as u16, 'd' as u16, ':' as u16, '~' as u16,
+ ',' as u16,
+ ]);
+ }
+ backslashes = 0;
+ }
+ cmd.push(x);
+ }
+ if quote {
+ // Add n backslashes to total 2n before ending `"`.
+ cmd.extend((0..backslashes).map(|_| '\\' as u16));
+ cmd.push('"' as u16);
+ }
+ Ok(())
+}
+
 pub(crate) fn make_bat_command_line(
  script: &[u16],
  args: &[Arg],
  force_quotes: bool,
 ) -> io::Result<Vec<u16>> {
+ const INVALID_ARGUMENT_ERROR: io::Error =
+ io::const_io_error!(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, r#"batch file arguments are invalid"#);
  // Set the start of the command line to `cmd.exe /c "`
  // It is necessary to surround the command in an extra pair of quotes,
  // hence the trailing quote here. It will be closed after all arguments
  // have been added.
- let mut cmd: Vec<u16> = "cmd.exe /d /c \"".encode_utf16().collect();
+ // Using /e:ON enables "command extensions" which is essential for the `%` hack to work.
+ let mut cmd: Vec<u16> = "cmd.exe /e:ON /v:OFF /d /c \"".encode_utf16().collect();
 
  // Push the script name surrounded by its quote pair.
  cmd.push(b'"' as u16);
@@ -291,18 +368,22 @@ pub(crate) fn make_bat_command_line(
  // reconstructed by the batch script by default.
  for arg in args {
  cmd.push(' ' as u16);
- // Make sure to always quote special command prompt characters, including:
- // * Characters `cmd /?` says require quotes.
- // * `%` for environment variables, as in `%TMP%`.
- // * `|<>` pipe/redirect characters.
- const SPECIAL: &[u8] = b"\t &()[]{}^=;!'+,`~%|<>";
- let force_quotes = match arg {
- Arg::Regular(arg) if !force_quotes => {
- arg.as_encoded_bytes().iter().any(|c| SPECIAL.contains(c))
+ match arg {
+ Arg::Regular(arg_os) => {
+ let arg_bytes = arg_os.as_encoded_bytes();
+ // Disallow \r and \n as they may truncate the arguments.
+ const DISALLOWED: &[u8] = b"\r\n";
+ if arg_bytes.iter().any(|c| DISALLOWED.contains(c)) {
+ return Err(INVALID_ARGUMENT_ERROR);
+ }
+ append_bat_arg(&mut cmd, arg_os, force_quotes)?;
+ }
+ _ => {
+ // Raw arguments are passed on as-is.
+ // It's the user's responsibility to properly handle arguments in this case.
+ append_arg(&mut cmd, arg, force_quotes)?;
  }
- _ => force_quotes,
  };
- append_arg(&mut cmd, arg, force_quotes)?;
  }
 
  // Close the quote we left opened earlier.

src/ci/scripts/install-ninja.sh

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ source "$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)/../shared.sh"
 
 if isWindows; then
  mkdir ninja
- curl -o ninja.zip "${MIRRORS_BASE}/2017-03-15-ninja-win.zip"
+ curl -o ninja.zip "${MIRRORS_BASE}/2024-03-28-v1.11.1-ninja-win.zip"
  7z x -oninja ninja.zip
  rm ninja.zip
  ciCommandSetEnv "RUST_CONFIGURE_ARGS" "${RUST_CONFIGURE_ARGS} --enable-ninja"

src/tools/tidy/src/ui_tests.rs

@@ -43,6 +43,9 @@ const EXTENSION_EXCEPTION_PATHS: &[&str] = &[
  "tests/ui/shell-argfiles/shell-argfiles-badquotes.args", // passing args via a file
  "tests/ui/shell-argfiles/shell-argfiles-via-argfile-shell.args", // passing args via a file
  "tests/ui/shell-argfiles/shell-argfiles-via-argfile.args", // passing args via a file
+ "tests/ui/std/windows-bat-args1.bat", // tests escaping arguments through batch files
+ "tests/ui/std/windows-bat-args2.bat", // tests escaping arguments through batch files
+ "tests/ui/std/windows-bat-args3.bat", // tests escaping arguments through batch files
 ];
 
 fn check_entries(tests_path: &Path, bad: &mut bool) {

src/version

@@ -1 +1 @@
-1.77.1
+1.77.2