@@ -17,14 +17,16 @@ digraph G {
1717
1818Throughout this tutorial, we'll teach you the basic concepts required for
1919creating RabbitMQ applications. The tutorial will be illustrated with
20- code snippets written in [ Python] ( http://www.python.org/ ) . But don't worry if
21- you don't know this language - the core ideas are the same for other languages.
20+ code snippets written in [ Python] ( http://www.python.org/ ) and executed on Linux.
21+ But don't worry if you don't know this language - the core ideas are the same
22+ for other languages.
23+
2224
2325This tutorial consists of three parts:
2426
2527 * First we're going to write the simplest possible "Hello World" example.
26- * Next we'll try to use Rabbit as a simple "Work queue" server.
27- * Finally, we'll discuss the "Publish-subscribe" pattern .
28+ * Next we'll try to use Rabbit as [ a simple "Work queue" server] ( { { python_two_url } } ) .
29+ * Finally, we'll discuss how to [ broadcast a message ] ( { { python_three_url } } ) .
2830
2931You need to have RabbitMQ server installed to go through this tutorial.
3032If you haven't installed it yet you can follow the
@@ -49,15 +51,16 @@ If you have installed RabbitMQ you should see something like:
4951> #### Where to get help
5052>
5153> If you're having trouble going through this tutorial you can post a message to
52- > [rabbitmq - discuss mailing list ](https : // lists.rabbitmq.com/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/rabbitmq-discuss).
54+ > [rabbitmq - discuss mailing list ](https : // lists.rabbitmq.com/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/rabbitmq-discuss)
55+ > or join the [#rabbitmq ](irc : // irc.freenode.net/rabbitmq) irc channel.
5356
5457
5558Introduction
5659------------
5760
5861RabbitMQ is a message broker . The principle idea is pretty simple : it accepts
5962and forwards messages . You can think about it as a post office : when you send
60- mail to the post box and you ' re pretty sure that mr postman will eventually
63+ mail to the post box and you ' re pretty sure that Mr. Postman will eventually
6164deliver the mail to your recipient . Using this metaphor RabbitMQ is a post box ,
6265post office and a postman.
6366
@@ -68,7 +71,7 @@ blobs of data - _messages_.
6871RabbitMQ uses a weird jargon , but it ' s simple once you' ll get it. For example :
6972
7073 * _Producing_ means nothing more than sending . A program that sends messages
71- is a _producer_ .
74+ is a _producer_ . We ' ll draw it like that, with "P" :
7275
7376 {% dot -Gsize= " 10,0.3" - Grankdir = LR % }
7477 digraph G {
@@ -82,7 +85,8 @@ RabbitMQ uses a weird jargon, but it's simple once you'll get it. For example:
8285 is not bound by any limits , it can store how many messages you
8386 like - it ' s essentially an infinite buffer. Many _producers_ can send
8487 messages that go to the one queue , many _consumers_ can try to
85- receive data from one _queue_.
88+ receive data from one _queue_. Queue ' ll be drawn as like that, with
89+ its name above it :
8690
8791 {% dot -Gsize= " 10,0.9" - Grankdir = LR % }
8892 digraph G {
@@ -95,7 +99,7 @@ RabbitMQ uses a weird jargon, but it's simple once you'll get it. For example:
9599 {% enddot %}
96100
97101 * _Consuming_ has a simmilar meaning to receiving . _Consumer_ is a program
98- that mostly waits to receive messages.
102+ that mostly waits to receive messages . On our drawings it ' s shown with "C" :
99103
100104 {% dot -Gsize= " 10,0.3" - Grankdir = LR % }
101105 digraph G {
@@ -127,6 +131,9 @@ digraph G {
127131}
128132{% enddot %}
129133
134+ Producer sends messages to the " test" queue . The consumer receives
135+ messages from that queue .
136+
130137> #### RabbitMQ libraries
131138>
132139> RabbitMQ speaks AMQP protocol . To use Rabbit you ' ll need a library that
@@ -171,7 +178,8 @@ digraph G {
171178
172179
173180Our first program ` send.py ` will send a single message to the queue .
174- The first thing we need to do is connect to RabbitMQ server .
181+ The first thing we need to do is to establish a connection with
182+ RabbitMQ server .
175183
176184{% highlight python %}
177185 #!/usr /bin /env python
@@ -183,28 +191,27 @@ The first thing we need to do is connect to RabbitMQ server.
183191 channel = connection .channel ()
184192{% endhighlight %}
185193
186-
187- Whenever we send a message we need to make sure the recipient queue exists .
188- RabbitMQ will just trash the message if can ' t deliver it. So, we need to
189- create a queue to which the message will be delivered . Let ' s name this queue
190- _test_ :
194+ We ' re connected now. Next, before sending we need to make sure the
195+ recipient queue exists . If we send a message to non - existing location ,
196+ RabbitMQ will just trash the message . Let ' s create a queue to which
197+ the message will be delivered , let ' s name it _test_:
191198
192199{% highlight python %}
193200 channel .queue_declare (queue = ' test' )
194201{% endhighlight %}
195202
196203
197204At that point we ' re ready to send a message. Our first message will
198- contain a string _Hello World ! _ and we want to send it to our _test_
199- queue .
205+ just contain a string _Hello World ! _ , we want to send it to our
206+ _test_ queue .
200207
201- In RabbitMQ a message never goes directly to the queue , it always
208+ In RabbitMQ a message never can be send directly to the queue , it always
202209needs to go through an _exchange_ . But let ' s not get dragged by the
203- details - you can read more about _exchanges_ in third part of this
204- tutorial . All we need to know now is how to use a default exchange
205- identified by an empty string . That exchange is a special one that
210+ details - you can read more about _exchanges_ in [ third part of this
211+ tutorial ]({{ python_three_url }}) . All we need to know now is how to use a default exchange
212+ identified by an empty string . This exchange is special - it
206213allows us to specify exactly to which queue the message should go .
207- The queue name is specified by the ` routing_key ` variable :
214+ The queue name needs to be specified in the ` routing_key ` parameter :
208215
209216{% highlight python %}
210217 channel .basic_publish (exchange = ' ' ,
@@ -236,28 +243,27 @@ digraph G {
236243Our second program `receive.py` will receive messages from the queue and print
237244them on the screen.
238245
239- The code responsible for connecting to Rabbit is the same as the previous example.
240- You can copy the first 7 lines .
246+ Again, first we need to connect to RabbitMQ server. The code
247+ responsible for connecting to Rabbit is the same as previously .
241248
242- # ... connection code is the same, copy first 7 lines from send.py ...
243-
244- Just like before, in the beginning we must make sure that the
245- queue exists. Creating a queue using `queue_declare` is idempotent - you can
246- run the command as many times you like, and only one queue will be created.
249+ Next step, just like before, is to make sure that the
250+ queue exists. Creating a queue using `queue_declare` is idempotent - we can
251+ run the command as many times you like, and only one will be created.
247252
248253{% highlight python %}
249254 channel.queue_declare(queue='test')
250255{% endhighlight %}
251256
252- You may ask why to declare queue again - we have already declared it
253- in our previous code. We could have avoided that if we always run the
254- `send.py` program before this one. But we're not sure yet which
257+ You may ask why to declare the queue again - we have already declared it
258+ in our previous code. We could have avoided that if we were sure
259+ that the queue already exists. For example if `send.py` program was
260+ runned before. But we're not yet sure which
255261program to run as first. In such case it's a good practice to repeat
256262declaring the queue in both programs.
257263
258264> #### Listing queues
259265>
260- > Sometimes you may want to see what queues does RabbitMQ store and how many
266+ > You may want to see what queues does RabbitMQ store and how many
261267> messages are in them. You can do it using the `rabbitmqctl` tool:
262268>
263269> $ sudo rabbitmqctl list_queues
@@ -267,18 +273,20 @@ declaring the queue in both programs.
267273
268274
269275
270- Receiving messages from the queue is a bit more complex . Whenever we receive
271- a message , a ` callback ` function is called. In our case
272- this function will print on the screen the contents of the message.
276+ Receiving messages from the queue is more complex . It works by subscribing
277+ a ` callback ` function to a queue. Whenever we receive
278+ a message, this `callback` function is called by the Pika library.
279+ In our case this function will print on the screen the contents of
280+ the message.
273281
274282{% highlight python % }
275283 def callback (ch , method , header , body ):
276284 print " [x] Received %.20r" % (body ,)
277285{% endhighlight %}
278286
279287
280- Next , we need to tell RabbitMQ that this particular callback function is
281- interested in messages from our _test_ queue:
288+ Next , we need to tell RabbitMQ that this particular callback function should
289+ receive messages from our _test_ queue:
282290
283291{% highlight python %}
284292 channel .basic_consume (callback ,
@@ -290,6 +298,8 @@ For that command to succeed we must be sure that a queue which we want
290298to subscribe to exists . Fortunately we ' re confident about that - we' ve
291299created a queue above - using ` queue_declare ` .
292300
301+ The ` no_ack ` parameter will be described [later on ]({{ python_two_url }}).
302+
293303And finally , we enter a never-ending loop that waits for data and runs callbacks
294304whenever necessary.
295305
@@ -320,7 +330,7 @@ Full code for `send.py`:
320330 body = ' Hello World!' )
321331 print " [x] Sent 'Hello World!'"
322332{% endhighlight %}
323- [(full send .py source )]({{ examples_url }}/ python / send .py )
333+ [(send .py source )]({{ examples_url }}/ python / send .py )
324334
325335
326336Full ` receive.py ` code :
@@ -347,8 +357,7 @@ Full `receive.py` code:
347357
348358 pika .asyncore_loop ()
349359{% endhighlight %}
350-
351- [(full receive .py source )]({{ examples_url }}/ python / receive .py )
360+ [(receive .py source )]({{ examples_url }}/ python / receive .py )
352361
353362
354363Now we can try out our programs . First , let' s send a message using our
@@ -364,9 +373,9 @@ Let's receive it:
364373 [x ] Received ' Hello World!'
365374
366375Hurray ! We were able to send our first message through RabbitMQ . As you might
367- have noticed , the ` receive.py ` program didn ' t exit. It will stay ready to
368- receive further messages. Try to run ` send.py ` in a new terminal!
376+ have noticed , the ` receive.py ` program doesn ' t exit. It will stay ready to
377+ receive further messages. Try to run ` send.py ` again in a new terminal!
369378
370379We' ve learned how to send and receive a message from a named
371- queue. It' s time to move on to part 2 of this tutorial and build a
372- simple _task queue_.
380+ queue. It' s time to move on to [ part 2]({{ python_two_url }} )
381+ and build a simple _task queue_.
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