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faq/library.po
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.6\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-04-02 22:11+0200\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-04-29 00:24+0200\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-02-15 00:37+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
@ -127,20 +127,20 @@ msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Occasionally, a user's environment is so full that the :program:`/usr/bin/"
"env` program fails; or there's no env program at all. In that case, you can "
"try the following hack (due to Alex Rezinsky)::"
"try the following hack (due to Alex Rezinsky):"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:84
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:86
msgid ""
"The minor disadvantage is that this defines the script's __doc__ string. "
"However, you can fix that by adding ::"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:92
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:94
msgid "Is there a curses/termcap package for Python?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:96
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:98
msgid ""
"For Unix variants: The standard Python source distribution comes with a "
"curses module in the :source:`Modules` subdirectory, though it's not "
@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ msgid ""
"distribution -- there is no curses module for Windows.)"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:101
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:103
msgid ""
"The :mod:`curses` module supports basic curses features as well as many "
"additional functions from ncurses and SYSV curses such as colour, "
@ -158,58 +158,58 @@ msgid ""
"category."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:107
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:109
msgid ""
"For Windows: use `the consolelib module <http://effbot.org/zone/console-"
"index.htm>`_."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:112
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:114
msgid "Is there an equivalent to C's onexit() in Python?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:114
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:116
msgid ""
"The :mod:`atexit` module provides a register function that is similar to "
"C's :c:func:`onexit`."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:119
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:121
msgid "Why don't my signal handlers work?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:121
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:123
msgid ""
"The most common problem is that the signal handler is declared with the "
"wrong argument list. It is called as ::"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:126
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:128
msgid "so it should be declared with two arguments::"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:133
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:135
msgid "Common tasks"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:136
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:138
msgid "How do I test a Python program or component?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:138
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:140
msgid ""
"Python comes with two testing frameworks. The :mod:`doctest` module finds "
"examples in the docstrings for a module and runs them, comparing the output "
"with the expected output given in the docstring."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:142
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:144
msgid ""
"The :mod:`unittest` module is a fancier testing framework modelled on Java "
"and Smalltalk testing frameworks."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:145
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:147
msgid ""
"To make testing easier, you should use good modular design in your program. "
"Your program should have almost all functionality encapsulated in either "
@ -220,15 +220,15 @@ msgid ""
"more difficult to do."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:153
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:155
msgid "The \"global main logic\" of your program may be as simple as ::"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:158
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:160
msgid "at the bottom of the main module of your program."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:160
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:162
msgid ""
"Once your program is organized as a tractable collection of functions and "
"class behaviours you should write test functions that exercise the "
@ -240,24 +240,24 @@ msgid ""
"design flaws earlier."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:168
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:170
msgid ""
"\"Support modules\" that are not intended to be the main module of a program "
"may include a self-test of the module. ::"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:174
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:176
msgid ""
"Even programs that interact with complex external interfaces may be tested "
"when the external interfaces are unavailable by using \"fake\" interfaces "
"implemented in Python."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:180
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:182
msgid "How do I create documentation from doc strings?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:182
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:184
msgid ""
"The :mod:`pydoc` module can create HTML from the doc strings in your Python "
"source code. An alternative for creating API documentation purely from "
@ -265,65 +265,65 @@ msgid ""
"sphinx-doc.org>`_ can also include docstring content."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:189
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:191
msgid "How do I get a single keypress at a time?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:191
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:193
msgid ""
"For Unix variants there are several solutions. It's straightforward to do "
"this using curses, but curses is a fairly large module to learn."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:235
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:237
msgid "Threads"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:238
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:240
msgid "How do I program using threads?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:240
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:242
msgid ""
"Be sure to use the :mod:`threading` module and not the :mod:`_thread` "
"module. The :mod:`threading` module builds convenient abstractions on top of "
"the low-level primitives provided by the :mod:`_thread` module."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:244
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:246
msgid ""
"Aahz has a set of slides from his threading tutorial that are helpful; see "
"http://www.pythoncraft.com/OSCON2001/."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:249
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:251
msgid "None of my threads seem to run: why?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:251
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:253
msgid ""
"As soon as the main thread exits, all threads are killed. Your main thread "
"is running too quickly, giving the threads no time to do any work."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:254
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:256
msgid ""
"A simple fix is to add a sleep to the end of the program that's long enough "
"for all the threads to finish::"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:269
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:271
msgid ""
"But now (on many platforms) the threads don't run in parallel, but appear to "
"run sequentially, one at a time! The reason is that the OS thread scheduler "
"doesn't start a new thread until the previous thread is blocked."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:273
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:275
msgid "A simple fix is to add a tiny sleep to the start of the run function::"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:286
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:288
msgid ""
"Instead of trying to guess a good delay value for :func:`time.sleep`, it's "
"better to use some kind of semaphore mechanism. One idea is to use the :mod:"
@ -332,17 +332,17 @@ msgid ""
"the queue as there are threads."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:294
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:296
msgid "How do I parcel out work among a bunch of worker threads?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:296
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:298
msgid ""
"The easiest way is to use the new :mod:`concurrent.futures` module, "
"especially the :mod:`~concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` class."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:299
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:301
msgid ""
"Or, if you want fine control over the dispatching algorithm, you can write "
"your own logic manually. Use the :mod:`queue` module to create a queue "
@ -352,25 +352,25 @@ msgid ""
"necessary to ensure that each job is handed out exactly once."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:306
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:308
msgid "Here's a trivial example::"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:344
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:346
msgid "When run, this will produce the following output:"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:362
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:364
msgid ""
"Consult the module's documentation for more details; the :class:`~queue."
"Queue` class provides a featureful interface."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:367
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:369
msgid "What kinds of global value mutation are thread-safe?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:369
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:371
msgid ""
"A :term:`global interpreter lock` (GIL) is used internally to ensure that "
"only one thread runs in the Python VM at a time. In general, Python offers "
@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ msgid ""
"instruction is therefore atomic from the point of view of a Python program."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:376
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:378
msgid ""
"In theory, this means an exact accounting requires an exact understanding of "
"the PVM bytecode implementation. In practice, it means that operations on "
@ -388,17 +388,17 @@ msgid ""
"\"look atomic\" really are."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:381
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:383
msgid ""
"For example, the following operations are all atomic (L, L1, L2 are lists, "
"D, D1, D2 are dicts, x, y are objects, i, j are ints)::"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:396
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:398
msgid "These aren't::"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:403
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:405
msgid ""
"Operations that replace other objects may invoke those other objects' :meth:"
"`__del__` method when their reference count reaches zero, and that can "
@ -406,11 +406,11 @@ msgid ""
"and lists. When in doubt, use a mutex!"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:410
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:412
msgid "Can't we get rid of the Global Interpreter Lock?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:414
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:416
msgid ""
"The :term:`global interpreter lock` (GIL) is often seen as a hindrance to "
"Python's deployment on high-end multiprocessor server machines, because a "
@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ msgid ""
"insistence that (almost) all Python code can only run while the GIL is held."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:419
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:421
msgid ""
"Back in the days of Python 1.5, Greg Stein actually implemented a "
"comprehensive patch set (the \"free threading\" patches) that removed the "
@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ msgid ""
"the GIL."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:427
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:429
msgid ""
"This doesn't mean that you can't make good use of Python on multi-CPU "
"machines! You just have to be creative with dividing the work up between "
@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ msgid ""
"dispatching of tasks."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:435
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:437
msgid ""
"Judicious use of C extensions will also help; if you use a C extension to "
"perform a time-consuming task, the extension can release the GIL while the "
@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ msgid ""
"`hashlib` already do this."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:441
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:443
msgid ""
"It has been suggested that the GIL should be a per-interpreter-state lock "
"rather than truly global; interpreters then wouldn't be able to share "
@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ msgid ""
"the interpreter state. And so on."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:450
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:452
msgid ""
"And I doubt that it can even be done in finite time, because the same "
"problem exists for 3rd party extensions. It is likely that 3rd party "
@ -470,28 +470,28 @@ msgid ""
"store all their global state in the interpreter state."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:455
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:457
msgid ""
"And finally, once you have multiple interpreters not sharing any state, what "
"have you gained over running each interpreter in a separate process?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:460
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:462
msgid "Input and Output"
msgstr "Les entrées/sorties"
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:463
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:465
msgid "How do I delete a file? (And other file questions...)"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:465
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:467
msgid ""
"Use ``os.remove(filename)`` or ``os.unlink(filename)``; for documentation, "
"see the :mod:`os` module. The two functions are identical; :func:`~os."
"unlink` is simply the name of the Unix system call for this function."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:469
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:471
msgid ""
"To remove a directory, use :func:`os.rmdir`; use :func:`os.mkdir` to create "
"one. ``os.makedirs(path)`` will create any intermediate directories in "
@ -500,11 +500,11 @@ msgid ""
"directory tree and its contents, use :func:`shutil.rmtree`."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:475
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:477
msgid "To rename a file, use ``os.rename(old_path, new_path)``."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:477
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:479
msgid ""
"To truncate a file, open it using ``f = open(filename, \"rb+\")``, and use "
"``f.truncate(offset)``; offset defaults to the current seek position. "
@ -512,54 +512,54 @@ msgid ""
"open`, where *fd* is the file descriptor (a small integer)."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:482
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:484
msgid ""
"The :mod:`shutil` module also contains a number of functions to work on "
"files including :func:`~shutil.copyfile`, :func:`~shutil.copytree`, and :"
"func:`~shutil.rmtree`."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:488
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:490
msgid "How do I copy a file?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:490
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:492
msgid ""
"The :mod:`shutil` module contains a :func:`~shutil.copyfile` function. Note "
"that on MacOS 9 it doesn't copy the resource fork and Finder info."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:495
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:497
msgid "How do I read (or write) binary data?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:497
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:499
msgid ""
"To read or write complex binary data formats, it's best to use the :mod:"
"`struct` module. It allows you to take a string containing binary data "
"(usually numbers) and convert it to Python objects; and vice versa."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:501
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:503
msgid ""
"For example, the following code reads two 2-byte integers and one 4-byte "
"integer in big-endian format from a file::"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:510
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:512
msgid ""
"The '>' in the format string forces big-endian data; the letter 'h' reads "
"one \"short integer\" (2 bytes), and 'l' reads one \"long integer\" (4 "
"bytes) from the string."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:514
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:516
msgid ""
"For data that is more regular (e.g. a homogeneous list of ints or floats), "
"you can also use the :mod:`array` module."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:519
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:521
msgid ""
"To read and write binary data, it is mandatory to open the file in binary "
"mode (here, passing ``\"rb\"`` to :func:`open`). If you use ``\"r\"`` "
@ -567,11 +567,11 @@ msgid ""
"will return :class:`str` objects rather than :class:`bytes` objects."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:527
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:529
msgid "I can't seem to use os.read() on a pipe created with os.popen(); why?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:529
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:531
msgid ""
":func:`os.read` is a low-level function which takes a file descriptor, a "
"small integer representing the opened file. :func:`os.popen` creates a high-"
@ -580,37 +580,37 @@ msgid ""
"popen`, you need to use ``p.read(n)``."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:616
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:618
msgid "How do I access the serial (RS232) port?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:618
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:620
msgid "For Win32, POSIX (Linux, BSD, etc.), Jython:"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:620
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:622
msgid "http://pyserial.sourceforge.net"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:622
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:624
msgid "For Unix, see a Usenet post by Mitch Chapman:"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:624
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:626
msgid "https://groups.google.com/groups?selm=34A04430.CF9@ohioee.com"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:628
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:630
msgid "Why doesn't closing sys.stdout (stdin, stderr) really close it?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:630
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:632
msgid ""
"Python :term:`file objects <file object>` are a high-level layer of "
"abstraction on low-level C file descriptors."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:633
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:635
msgid ""
"For most file objects you create in Python via the built-in :func:`open` "
"function, ``f.close()`` marks the Python file object as being closed from "
@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ msgid ""
"``f`` becomes garbage."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:639
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:641
msgid ""
"But stdin, stdout and stderr are treated specially by Python, because of the "
"special status also given to them by C. Running ``sys.stdout.close()`` "
@ -627,94 +627,94 @@ msgid ""
"associated C file descriptor."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:644
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:646
msgid ""
"To close the underlying C file descriptor for one of these three, you should "
"first be sure that's what you really want to do (e.g., you may confuse "
"extension modules trying to do I/O). If it is, use :func:`os.close`::"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:652
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:654
msgid "Or you can use the numeric constants 0, 1 and 2, respectively."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:656
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:658
msgid "Network/Internet Programming"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:659
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:661
msgid "What WWW tools are there for Python?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:661
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:663
msgid ""
"See the chapters titled :ref:`internet` and :ref:`netdata` in the Library "
"Reference Manual. Python has many modules that will help you build server-"
"side and client-side web systems."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:667
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:669
msgid ""
"A summary of available frameworks is maintained by Paul Boddie at https://"
"wiki.python.org/moin/WebProgramming\\ ."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:670
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:672
msgid ""
"Cameron Laird maintains a useful set of pages about Python web technologies "
"at http://phaseit.net/claird/comp.lang.python/web_python."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:675
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:677
msgid "How can I mimic CGI form submission (METHOD=POST)?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:677
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:679
msgid ""
"I would like to retrieve web pages that are the result of POSTing a form. Is "
"there existing code that would let me do this easily?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:680
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:682
msgid "Yes. Here's a simple example that uses urllib.request::"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:695
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:697
msgid ""
"Note that in general for percent-encoded POST operations, query strings must "
"be quoted using :func:`urllib.parse.urlencode`. For example, to send "
"``name=Guy Steele, Jr.``::"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:703
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:705
msgid ":ref:`urllib-howto` for extensive examples."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:707
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:709
msgid "What module should I use to help with generating HTML?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:711
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:713
msgid ""
"You can find a collection of useful links on the `Web Programming wiki page "
"<https://wiki.python.org/moin/WebProgramming>`_."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:716
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:718
msgid "How do I send mail from a Python script?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:718
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:720
msgid "Use the standard library module :mod:`smtplib`."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:720
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:722
msgid ""
"Here's a very simple interactive mail sender that uses it. This method will "
"work on any host that supports an SMTP listener. ::"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:740
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:742
msgid ""
"A Unix-only alternative uses sendmail. The location of the sendmail program "
"varies between systems; sometimes it is ``/usr/lib/sendmail``, sometimes ``/"
@ -722,17 +722,17 @@ msgid ""
"some sample code::"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:760
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:762
msgid "How do I avoid blocking in the connect() method of a socket?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:762
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:764
msgid ""
"The :mod:`select` module is commonly used to help with asynchronous I/O on "
"sockets."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:765
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:767
msgid ""
"To prevent the TCP connect from blocking, you can set the socket to non-"
"blocking mode. Then when you do the ``connect()``, you will either connect "
@ -742,7 +742,7 @@ msgid ""
"values, so you're going to have to check what's returned on your system."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:772
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:774
msgid ""
"You can use the ``connect_ex()`` method to avoid creating an exception. It "
"will just return the errno value. To poll, you can call ``connect_ex()`` "
@ -750,26 +750,26 @@ msgid ""
"or you can pass this socket to select to check if it's writable."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:778
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:780
msgid ""
"The :mod:`asyncore` module presents a framework-like approach to the problem "
"of writing non-blocking networking code. The third-party `Twisted <https://"
"twistedmatrix.com/trac/>`_ library is a popular and feature-rich alternative."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:785
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:787
msgid "Databases"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:788
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:790
msgid "Are there any interfaces to database packages in Python?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:790
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:792
msgid "Yes."
msgstr "Oui."
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:792
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:794
msgid ""
"Interfaces to disk-based hashes such as :mod:`DBM <dbm.ndbm>` and :mod:`GDBM "
"<dbm.gnu>` are also included with standard Python. There is also the :mod:"
@ -777,18 +777,18 @@ msgid ""
"database."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:797
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:799
msgid ""
"Support for most relational databases is available. See the "
"`DatabaseProgramming wiki page <https://wiki.python.org/moin/"
"DatabaseProgramming>`_ for details."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:803
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:805
msgid "How do you implement persistent objects in Python?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:805
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:807
msgid ""
"The :mod:`pickle` library module solves this in a very general way (though "
"you still can't store things like open files, sockets or windows), and the :"
@ -796,55 +796,55 @@ msgid ""
"mappings containing arbitrary Python objects."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:812
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:814
msgid "Mathematics and Numerics"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:815
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:817
msgid "How do I generate random numbers in Python?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:817
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:819
msgid ""
"The standard module :mod:`random` implements a random number generator. "
"Usage is simple::"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:823
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:825
msgid "This returns a random floating point number in the range [0, 1)."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:825
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:827
msgid ""
"There are also many other specialized generators in this module, such as:"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:827
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:829
msgid "``randrange(a, b)`` chooses an integer in the range [a, b)."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:828
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:830
msgid "``uniform(a, b)`` chooses a floating point number in the range [a, b)."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:829
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:831
msgid ""
"``normalvariate(mean, sdev)`` samples the normal (Gaussian) distribution."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:831
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:833
msgid "Some higher-level functions operate on sequences directly, such as:"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:833
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:835
msgid "``choice(S)`` chooses random element from a given sequence"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:834
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:836
msgid "``shuffle(L)`` shuffles a list in-place, i.e. permutes it randomly"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:836
#: ../Doc/faq/library.rst:838
msgid ""
"There's also a ``Random`` class you can instantiate to create independent "
"multiple random number generators."

137
faq/windows.po
View file

@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.6\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-10-13 22:28+0200\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-04-29 00:24+0200\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-01-21 23:08+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
@ -17,18 +17,18 @@ msgstr ""
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:7
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:9
msgid "Python on Windows FAQ"
msgstr ""
"Ce n'est pas forcément une question simple. Si vous êtes déjà familier avec "
"le lancement de programmes depuis la ligne de commande de Windows alors tout "
"semblera évident; Sinon, vous auriez besoin d'être un peu guidé."
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:18
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:20
msgid "How do I run a Python program under Windows?"
msgstr "Comment exécuter un programme Python sous Windows ?"
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:20
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:22
msgid ""
"This is not necessarily a straightforward question. If you are already "
"familiar with running programs from the Windows command line then everything "
@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ msgstr ""
"le lancement de programmes depuis la ligne de commande de Windows alors tout "
"semblera évident; Sinon, vous auriez besoin d'être un peu guidé."
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:27
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:29
msgid ""
"This series of screencasts aims to get you up and running with Python on "
"Windows XP. The knowledge is distilled into 1.5 hours and will get you up "
@ -51,7 +51,8 @@ msgstr ""
"votre choix, et de débugger et écrire du code solide accompagné des tests "
"unitaires."
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:36
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:38
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Unless you use some sort of integrated development environment, you will end "
"up *typing* Windows commands into what is variously referred to as a \"DOS "
@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ msgid ""
"from your Start menu; under Windows 7 the menu selection is :menuselection:"
"`Start --> Programs --> Accessories --> Command Prompt`. You should be able "
"to recognize when you have started such a window because you will see a "
"Windows \"command prompt\", which usually looks like this::"
"Windows \"command prompt\", which usually looks like this:"
msgstr ""
"A moins que vous n'utilisiez quelque environnement de développement, vous "
"devrez entrer des commandes Windows dans ce qui est diversement référé comme "
@ -69,15 +70,16 @@ msgstr ""
"dans la bonne fenêtre quand vous verrez une fenêtre invite de commande qui "
"ressemble normalement à ça ::"
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:46
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:50
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The letter may be different, and there might be other things after it, so "
"you might just as easily see something like::"
"you might just as easily see something like:"
msgstr ""
"La lettre peut être différente, et il peut y avoir d'autres choses à la "
"suite, alors il se peut aussi bien que vous voyez quelque chose tel que ::"
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:51
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:57
msgid ""
"depending on how your computer has been set up and what else you have "
"recently done with it. Once you have started such a window, you are well on "
@ -87,7 +89,7 @@ msgstr ""
"fait avec. Une fois que vous avez ouvert cette fenêtre, vous êtes bien "
"partis pour pouvoir lancer des programmes Python."
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:55
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:61
msgid ""
"You need to realize that your Python scripts have to be processed by another "
"program called the Python *interpreter*. The interpreter reads your script, "
@ -100,32 +102,33 @@ msgstr ""
"programme. Alors, comment faire pour donner votre code Python à "
"l'interpréteur ?"
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:60
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:66
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"First, you need to make sure that your command window recognises the word "
"\"python\" as an instruction to start the interpreter. If you have opened a "
"command window, you should try entering the command ``python`` and hitting "
"return.::"
"return:"
msgstr ""
"Tout d'abord, vous devez vous assurer que votre fenêtre d'invite de commande "
"reconnaît le mot \"python\" comme une instruction pour démarrer "
"l'interpréteur. Si vous avez ouvert une fenêtre de commande, entrez la "
"commande ``python``, puis appuyez sur la touche entrée ::"
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:67
msgid "You should then see something like::"
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:75
#, fuzzy
msgid "You should then see something like:"
msgstr "Vous devez vous trouver face à quelque chose comme ça ::"
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:73
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:83
msgid ""
"You have started the interpreter in \"interactive mode\". That means you can "
"enter Python statements or expressions interactively and have them executed "
"or evaluated while you wait. This is one of Python's strongest features. "
"Check it by entering a few expressions of your choice and seeing the "
"results::"
"Check it by entering a few expressions of your choice and seeing the results:"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:83
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:95
msgid ""
"Many people use the interactive mode as a convenient yet highly programmable "
"calculator. When you want to end your interactive Python session, hold the :"
@ -133,7 +136,7 @@ msgid ""
"\" key to get back to your Windows command prompt."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:88
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:100
msgid ""
"You may also find that you have a Start-menu entry such as :menuselection:"
"`Start --> Programs --> Python 3.3 --> Python (command line)` that results "
@ -143,38 +146,38 @@ msgid ""
"the interpreter."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:94
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:106
msgid ""
"If the ``python`` command, instead of displaying the interpreter prompt "
"``>>>``, gives you a message like::"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:102
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:114
msgid ""
"Python is not added to the DOS path by default. This screencast will walk "
"you through the steps to add the correct entry to the `System Path`, "
"allowing Python to be executed from the command-line by all users."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:111
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:123
msgid "or::"
msgstr "ou : ::"
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:115
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:127
msgid ""
"then you need to make sure that your computer knows where to find the Python "
"interpreter. To do this you will have to modify a setting called PATH, "
"which is a list of directories where Windows will look for programs."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:119
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:131
msgid ""
"You should arrange for Python's installation directory to be added to the "
"PATH of every command window as it starts. If you installed Python fairly "
"recently then the command ::"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:125
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:137
msgid ""
"will probably tell you where it is installed; the usual location is "
"something like ``C:\\Python33``. Otherwise you will be reduced to a search "
@ -185,7 +188,7 @@ msgid ""
"command ::"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:134
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:146
msgid ""
"starts up the interpreter as above (and don't forget you'll need a \":kbd:"
"`Ctrl-Z`\" and an \":kbd:`Enter`\" to get out of it). Once you have verified "
@ -194,17 +197,17 @@ msgid ""
"in the installer as of CPython 3.3."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:140
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:152
msgid ""
"More information about environment variables can be found on the :ref:`Using "
"Python on Windows <setting-envvars>` page."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:144
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:156
msgid "How do I make Python scripts executable?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:146
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:158
msgid ""
"On Windows, the standard Python installer already associates the .py "
"extension with a file type (Python.File) and gives that file type an open "
@ -215,11 +218,11 @@ msgid ""
"environment variable."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:154
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:166
msgid "Why does Python sometimes take so long to start?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:156
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:168
msgid ""
"Usually Python starts very quickly on Windows, but occasionally there are "
"bug reports that Python suddenly begins to take a long time to start up. "
@ -227,7 +230,7 @@ msgid ""
"Windows systems which appear to be configured identically."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:161
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:173
msgid ""
"The problem may be caused by a misconfiguration of virus checking software "
"on the problem machine. Some virus scanners have been known to introduce "
@ -238,11 +241,11 @@ msgid ""
"activity, is a particular offender."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:171
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:183
msgid "How do I make an executable from a Python script?"
msgstr "Comment construire un exécutable depuis un script Python ?"
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:173
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:185
msgid ""
"See http://cx-freeze.sourceforge.net/ for a distutils extension that allows "
"you to create console and GUI executables from Python code. `py2exe <http://"
@ -251,11 +254,11 @@ msgid ""
"development."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:181
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:193
msgid "Is a ``*.pyd`` file the same as a DLL?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:183
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:195
msgid ""
"Yes, .pyd files are dll's, but there are a few differences. If you have a "
"DLL named ``foo.pyd``, then it must have a function ``PyInit_foo()``. You "
@ -265,7 +268,7 @@ msgid ""
"as that would cause Windows to require the DLL to be present."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:190
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:202
msgid ""
"Note that the search path for foo.pyd is PYTHONPATH, not the same as the "
"path that Windows uses to search for foo.dll. Also, foo.pyd need not be "
@ -276,17 +279,17 @@ msgid ""
"available functions."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:199
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:211
msgid "How can I embed Python into a Windows application?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:201
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:213
msgid ""
"Embedding the Python interpreter in a Windows app can be summarized as "
"follows:"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:203
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:215
msgid ""
"Do _not_ build Python into your .exe file directly. On Windows, Python must "
"be a DLL to handle importing modules that are themselves DLL's. (This is "
@ -295,7 +298,7 @@ msgid ""
"version, a number such as \"33\" for Python 3.3."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:209
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:221
msgid ""
"You can link to Python in two different ways. Load-time linking means "
"linking against :file:`python{NN}.lib`, while run-time linking means linking "
@ -304,7 +307,7 @@ msgid ""
"merely defines symbols for the linker.)"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:215
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:227
msgid ""
"Run-time linking greatly simplifies link options; everything happens at run "
"time. Your code must load :file:`python{NN}.dll` using the Windows "
@ -315,13 +318,13 @@ msgid ""
"API."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:222
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:234
msgid ""
"Borland note: convert :file:`python{NN}.lib` to OMF format using Coff2Omf."
"exe first."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:227
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:239
msgid ""
"If you use SWIG, it is easy to create a Python \"extension module\" that "
"will make the app's data and methods available to Python. SWIG will handle "
@ -330,7 +333,7 @@ msgid ""
"this also simplifies linking."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:233
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:245
msgid ""
"SWIG will create an init function (a C function) whose name depends on the "
"name of the extension module. For example, if the name of the module is "
@ -339,26 +342,26 @@ msgid ""
"initializes a mostly hidden helper class used by the shadow class."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:239
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:251
msgid ""
"The reason you can link the C code in step 2 into your .exe file is that "
"calling the initialization function is equivalent to importing the module "
"into Python! (This is the second key undocumented fact.)"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:243
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:255
msgid ""
"In short, you can use the following code to initialize the Python "
"interpreter with your extension module."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:254
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:266
msgid ""
"There are two problems with Python's C API which will become apparent if you "
"use a compiler other than MSVC, the compiler used to build pythonNN.dll."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:257
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:269
msgid ""
"Problem 1: The so-called \"Very High Level\" functions that take FILE * "
"arguments will not work in a multi-compiler environment because each "
@ -366,27 +369,27 @@ msgid ""
"implementation standpoint these are very _low_ level functions."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:262
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:274
msgid ""
"Problem 2: SWIG generates the following code when generating wrappers to "
"void functions:"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:271
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:283
msgid ""
"Alas, Py_None is a macro that expands to a reference to a complex data "
"structure called _Py_NoneStruct inside pythonNN.dll. Again, this code will "
"fail in a mult-compiler environment. Replace such code by:"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:279
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:291
msgid ""
"It may be possible to use SWIG's ``%typemap`` command to make the change "
"automatically, though I have not been able to get this to work (I'm a "
"complete SWIG newbie)."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:283
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:295
msgid ""
"Using a Python shell script to put up a Python interpreter window from "
"inside your Windows app is not a good idea; the resulting window will be "
@ -398,18 +401,18 @@ msgid ""
"and write() methods."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:292
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:304
msgid "How do I keep editors from inserting tabs into my Python source?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:294
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:306
msgid ""
"The FAQ does not recommend using tabs, and the Python style guide, :pep:`8`, "
"recommends 4 spaces for distributed Python code; this is also the Emacs "
"python-mode default."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:298
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:310
msgid ""
"Under any editor, mixing tabs and spaces is a bad idea. MSVC is no "
"different in this respect, and is easily configured to use spaces: Take :"
@ -418,35 +421,35 @@ msgid ""
"radio button."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:303
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:315
msgid ""
"Python raises :exc:`IndentationError` or :exc:`TabError` if mixed tabs and "
"spaces are causing problems in leading whitespace. You may also run the :mod:"
"`tabnanny` module to check a directory tree in batch mode."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:310
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:322
msgid "How do I check for a keypress without blocking?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:312
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:324
msgid ""
"Use the msvcrt module. This is a standard Windows-specific extension "
"module. It defines a function ``kbhit()`` which checks whether a keyboard "
"hit is present, and ``getch()`` which gets one character without echoing it."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:318
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:330
msgid "How do I emulate os.kill() in Windows?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:320
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:332
msgid ""
"Prior to Python 2.7 and 3.2, to terminate a process, you can use :mod:"
"`ctypes`::"
"`ctypes`:"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:330
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:344
msgid ""
"In 2.7 and 3.2, :func:`os.kill` is implemented similar to the above "
"function, with the additional feature of being able to send :kbd:`Ctrl+C` "
@ -454,18 +457,18 @@ msgid ""
"those signals. See :func:`os.kill` for further details."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:336
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:350
msgid "How do I extract the downloaded documentation on Windows?"
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:338
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:352
msgid ""
"Sometimes, when you download the documentation package to a Windows machine "
"using a web browser, the file extension of the saved file ends up being ."
"EXE. This is a mistake; the extension should be .TGZ."
msgstr ""
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:342
#: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:356
msgid ""
"Simply rename the downloaded file to have the .TGZ extension, and WinZip "
"will be able to handle it. (If your copy of WinZip doesn't, get a newer one "