外贸进出口报关全流程详解 - 跨境电商卖家必备技能
进出口报关是指进出口货物的收发货人或其代理人在货物进出口时，在海关规定期限内，按照海关规定格式填写报关单，并随附相关货运、商业单据及进出口批准文件向海关申报的过程。作为履行海关进出境手续的必要环节，报关对象主要包括运输工具和货物两大类。
Customs declaration refers to the process where import/export goods consignors or their agents submit declaration forms to customs within specified time limits, accompanied by relevant shipping documents, commercial documents and import/export approval certificates. As an essential part of customs clearance procedures, the declaration objects mainly include transportation vehicles and goods.
一、报关流程详解 | Detailed Declaration Process
1. 报关资料准备 | Preparation of Declaration Documents
进出口货物收发货人、运输负责人或其代理人需按照海关规定办理相关手续。
Consignors, transportation responsible persons or their agents should handle relevant procedures according to customs requirements.
2. 签订进出口合同 | Signing Import/Export Contracts
确定由国内出口货物到国外，并准备好相应出口监管文件（出口许可证、商检证等）。
Confirm export from domestic to foreign countries and prepare relevant export supervision documents (export license, inspection certificate, etc.).
3. 报关单申报 | Customs Declaration Submission
提供报关所需全套资料（清单、外汇核销单、合同、发票等），可通过关务管理系统或单一窗口申报。
Provide complete declaration documents (list, foreign exchange verification form, contract, invoice, etc.), which can be submitted through customs management system or single window.
4. 海关审核放行 | Customs Review and Release
海关审核通过后，报关行将放行条交码头确认，船代公司根据放行条装船出口。
After customs approval, the customs broker will submit the release note to the terminal for confirmation, and the shipping agent will load the goods according to the release note.
5. 货运安排 | Freight Arrangement
通过货代安排拖车、订舱、报关、装船等一站式服务。
Arrange one-stop services including trucking, booking, customs clearance and loading through freight forwarders.
6. 口岸监管 | Port Supervision
货柜进入码头堆场后即受海关监管，需海关同意才能继续运作。
Containers are under customs supervision after entering the terminal yard and require customs approval for further operations.
二、其他注意事项 | Other Considerations
- 减免税货物需提交海关签章的减免税证明
- 加工贸易货物需提交海关核发的"登记手册"
- Tax-reduced or tax-exempt goods require customs-stamped tax reduction/exemption certificates
- Processing trade goods require customs-issued "registration manual"
对于报关流程不清楚或需要报关系统的跨境电商卖家，建议咨询专业关务服务商。
Cross-border e-commerce sellers unfamiliar with declaration procedures or needing declaration systems are advised to consult professional customs service providers.
