东南亚制造业复苏加剧中国外贸订单外流 毁单现象陡增引关注
随着东南亚国家全面复工复产，中国外贸行业正面临订单外流和毁单激增的双重压力。
As Southeast Asian countries fully resume work and production, China's foreign trade industry is facing dual pressures of order outflow and a surge in order cancellations.
东南亚市场强势复苏
Strong Recovery in Southeast Asian Markets
以越南为例，3月开放入境后，货物贸易进出口总额环比增长36.8%，其中出口增长45.5%。华北至胡志明海运价格部分箱型涨幅超50%。
Taking Vietnam as an example, after opening its borders in March, the total import and export volume of goods trade increased by 36.8% month-on-month, with exports growing by 45.5%. Shipping prices from North China to Ho Chi Minh City have risen by more than 50% for some container types.
中国外贸面临新挑战
New Challenges for China's Foreign Trade
一季度中国制造业产能利用率降至75.9%，同比下降1.7个百分点。除订单外流外，毁单现象陡增成为新压力。外商为保障物流，常同时下多单，造成国内出口商恶性竞争。
China's manufacturing capacity utilization rate dropped to 75.9% in the first quarter, down 1.7 percentage points year-on-year. In addition to order outflow, a sharp increase in order cancellations has become a new pressure. Foreign buyers often place multiple orders simultaneously to ensure logistics, creating cutthroat competition among domestic exporters.
越南制造业表现亮眼
Outstanding Performance of Vietnam's Manufacturing
越南一季度进出口总额同比增长14.4%，农产品出口增速达18-19%。纺织企业订单已排至第三季度，鲁泰纺织等中企加大在越投资。
Vietnam's total import and export volume in the first quarter increased by 14.4% year-on-year, with agricultural product exports growing by 18-19%. Textile companies have orders scheduled until the third quarter, and Chinese companies like Lutai Textile are increasing investment in Vietnam.
劳动力成本优势明显
Significant Labor Cost Advantages
胡志明市平均月薪约2480元，仅为中国同期的45.6%。三星、富士康等国际巨头纷纷在越建厂，越南还与欧盟签订自由贸易协议，减免99%关税。
The average monthly salary in Ho Chi Minh City is about 2,480 yuan, only 45.6% of China's level. International giants like Samsung and Foxconn have set up factories in Vietnam, which has also signed a free trade agreement with the EU, eliminating 99% of tariffs.
专家指出：在全球需求放缓背景下，东南亚制造业的崛起已成必然。中国纺织企业需加快转型升级，向高质量发展迈进。
Experts point out: Against the backdrop of slowing global demand, the rise of Southeast Asian manufacturing is inevitable. Chinese textile enterprises need to accelerate transformation and upgrading towards high-quality development.
