中蒙俄"万里茶道"运的是什么茶？揭秘黑茶贸易传奇

中蒙俄"万里茶道"运的是什么茶？揭秘黑茶贸易传奇

What Kind of Tea Was Transported on the China-Mongolia-Russia "Ancient Tea Road"? Uncovering the Legend of Dark Tea Trade

中新社长沙10月28日电 - 全长1.4万公里的"万里茶道"是古代一条以茶叶为大宗商品的长距离贸易线路。这条历史悠久的商路见证了中蒙俄三国之间繁荣的茶叶贸易。

Changsha, October 28 (China News Service) - The 14,000-kilometer-long "Ancient Tea Road" was a long-distance trade route in ancient times with tea as its main commodity. This historic commercial road witnessed the prosperous tea trade among China, Mongolia and Russia.

湖南省茶叶协会常务副会长蒋跃登近日接受专访时指出："万里茶道"运输的主要是黑茶，而湖南安化正是中国黑茶的发源地。

Jiang Yuedeng, executive vice president of Hunan Tea Association, recently pointed out in an exclusive interview: "The main tea transported on the Ancient Tea Road was dark tea, and Anhua in Hunan is precisely the birthplace of Chinese dark tea."

安化黑茶：中国黑茶之祖

Anhua Dark Tea: The Origin of Chinese Dark Tea

蒋跃登解释，中国黑茶是一类特殊的茶产品，具有杀青后发酵的主要特征。历史上，黑茶主要满足西北游牧民族和国外民众的饮食需求。

Jiang explained that Chinese dark tea is a special type of tea product characterized by post-fermentation after de-enzyming. Historically, dark tea mainly met the dietary needs of northwest nomadic peoples and foreign populations.

"最先达到这些要求的只有安化黑茶，"蒋跃登说，"明代中晚期，安化输边之茶被确定为官茶，鼎盛时达到年产数十万担的规模。"

"Only Anhua dark tea first met these requirements," Jiang said. "In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, Anhua tea transported to border areas was designated as official tea, reaching a peak annual output of hundreds of thousands of dan (a unit of weight)."

晋商与安化茶人的合作

Cooperation Between Shanxi Merchants and Anhua Tea Producers

中外茶道主要有三条，其中中蒙俄万里茶道的开辟和运行中，晋商和安化茶人建立了完整的产业链。

There are mainly three ancient tea roads between China and foreign countries. In the opening and operation of the China-Mongolia-Russia Ancient Tea Road, Shanxi merchants and Anhua tea producers established a complete industrial chain.

他们共同创制了"三尖三砖一花卷"等传统黑茶产品，并参与了万里茶道运营过程中的各项变革。

They jointly created traditional dark tea products such as "three tips, three bricks and one flower roll", and participated in various reforms in the operation of the Ancient Tea Road.

申遗工作与历史见证

World Heritage Application and Historical Testimony

当前中蒙俄正在联合申报"万里茶道"为世界文化遗产。安化作为南方重要起点，保存了大量茶文化遗迹。

China, Mongolia and Russia are currently jointly applying for the "Ancient Tea Road" to be listed as a World Heritage Site. As an important starting point in the south, Anhua preserves a large number of tea cultural relics.

安化境内现存大量古茶园、古道、古拱桥及茶叶作坊等，充分体现当年茶市的繁荣。

A large number of ancient tea gardens, ancient roads, ancient arch bridges and tea workshops still exist in Anhua, fully reflecting the prosperity of the tea market in those days.

黑茶的全球影响

Global Influence of Dark Tea

黑茶最早"走出去"促成了欧洲饮茶习俗与文化。蒋跃登指出："中国最早成规模的茶叶出口贸易在明代，此时作为大宗产品出口的，只可能是已大规模生产的安化黑茶。"

Dark tea was the first to "go global" and contributed to the development of European tea drinking customs and culture. Jiang pointed out: "China's earliest large-scale tea export trade was in the Ming Dynasty. At that time, the only product that could be exported in large quantities was Anhua dark tea which was already produced on a large scale."

如今，安化黑茶持续出口俄罗斯、中亚、欧洲等地，成为中华茶文化影响世界的代表之一。

Today, Anhua dark tea continues to be exported to Russia, Central Asia, Europe and other regions, becoming one of the representatives of Chinese tea culture influencing the world.

申遗的重要意义

Significance of World Heritage Application

万里茶道展现了茶叶成为全球性商品的世界性贸易繁盛期。蒋跃登认为："这是一条繁荣、和平的世纪动脉，推动沿线地区发展繁荣。"

The Ancient Tea Road demonstrates the prosperous period when tea became a global commodity in world trade. Jiang believes: "This is a prosperous and peaceful artery of the century, promoting the development and prosperity of regions along the route."

以申遗为龙头深化茶文化遗产保护，既能使濒临倾圮的文化遗产得到有效保护，也为世界了解中国提供了重要渠道。

Taking the World Heritage application as the lead to deepen the protection of tea cultural heritage can not only effectively protect endangered cultural heritage, but also provide an important channel for the world to understand China.