芍药切花市场火爆：供不应求背后的商业机遇与挑战
近年来，芍药切花已成为中国鲜花市场最热门的品种之一。在小红书等社交媒体平台上，芍药是鲜切花类目中自带流量的"顶流"产品。在主产区，"供不应求"已成为行业关键词。
In recent years, peony cut flowers have become one of the hottest varieties in China's flower market. On social media platforms like Xiaohongshu, peonies are the "top influencers" among cut flowers. In major production areas, "supply shortages" have become an industry buzzword.
市场需求激增
Soaring Market Demand
芍药属于多年生草本花卉，花型花色丰富，香气沁人，非常符合国人审美。其切花大批量上市时间为3-5月，这3个月的受欢迎程度甚至超过传统鲜切花。
Peonies are perennial herbaceous flowers with diverse shapes and colors, emitting pleasant fragrances that perfectly match Chinese aesthetics. Their peak season from March to May sees higher popularity than traditional cut flowers.
北京彼由尼芍药农场董事长陈汝方表示："即使疫情期间，芍药切花销量不降反升。很多花店反映，如果芍药季没有芍药供应，不仅显得档次低，还少了一个赚钱品类。"
Chen Rufang, Chairman of Beijing Biyouni Peony Farm, said: "Even during the pandemic, peony cut flower sales increased rather than decreased. Many florists report that lacking peony supply during the season not only appears low-end but also means missing a profitable category."
主产区供应现状
Supply Status in Major Production Areas
山东菏泽是全国最大芍药产区，产量占全国一半以上。2024年菏泽芍药切花销量约1.2亿支，比去年增加1000万支。截至5月12日母亲节，菏泽产芍药已销售一空。
Heze, Shandong is China's largest peony production area, accounting for over half of national output. In 2024, Heze's peony cut flower sales reached about 120 million stems, an increase of 10 million from last year. By Mother's Day on May 12, Heze's peony stock was completely sold out.
甘肃产区因海拔高、温差大，芍药品质优异。今年供应量约1200万支。四川产区上市早，但受中药材价格上涨影响，切花产量下降。
Gansu's high-altitude production area yields excellent quality peonies due to significant temperature variations, supplying about 12 million stems this year. Sichuan's early-season production has declined due to rising demand for medicinal peony roots.
进口品种占比提升
Increasing Proportion of Imported Varieties
随着市场火热，欧洲芍药因花色艳丽、花苞大而需求激增。2023年菏泽新增芍药种植面积约1万亩，其中70%以上为进口品种。
With market heating up, European peony varieties with vibrant colors and large buds are in soaring demand. In 2023, Heze added about 10,000 mu (666 hectares) of peony cultivation, over 70% being imported varieties.
主流进口品种包括'Sarah Bernhardt'、'Coral'系列等，其中'Sarah'占进口品种销量的30%。国产品种如'杨妃出浴'表现优异，但整体占比下降。
Main imported varieties include 'Sarah Bernhardt' and 'Coral' series, with 'Sarah' accounting for 30% of imported variety sales. Domestic varieties like 'Yangfei Chuyu' perform well but see declining overall proportion.
投资与收益分析
Investment and Return Analysis
芍药切花平均亩产值约3万元，优质品种可达5-10万元。第3年开始少量采收，第4年进入丰产期，可持续采收至第15年，属于长线投资。
Average peony cut flower output value per mu reaches about 30,000 yuan, with premium varieties achieving 50,000-100,000 yuan. Harvest begins sparsely in the third year, enters full production in the fourth year, and can continue until the 15th year, representing long-term investment.
山东盛世芍花总经理赵文双表示："种苗红利期最多5年，想长久收益必须做鲜切花。"该公司一次性投资8000万元建设基地和冷库，今年供应量超1000万支。
Zhao Wenshuang, General Manager of Shandong Shengshi Shaohua, said: "The seedling boom lasts at most 5 years; sustainable returns require cut flower production." The company invested 80 million yuan upfront in base and cold storage construction, supplying over 10 million stems this year.
出口市场潜力
Export Market Potential
除内需强劲外，出口市场同样潜力巨大。盛世芍花今年出口超100万支，销往荷兰、澳大利亚、中东等地区。兰州金之兰也开始尝试出口东南亚和俄罗斯市场。
Beyond strong domestic demand, export markets show great potential. Shengshi Shaohua exported over 1 million stems this year to Netherlands, Australia, Middle East etc. Lanzhou Jinzhilan also began exporting to Southeast Asia and Russia.
业内人士提醒，芍药行业已从爆发期进入成长期，想挣快钱已不太可能，只有坚持高品质才能持续发展。
Industry insiders warn the peony sector has transitioned from explosive growth to maturation phase, making quick profits unlikely—only sustained high quality ensures long-term development.
