中国纺织服装出口困境与转型之路：挑战与机遇并存

中国纺织服装出口困境与转型之路：挑战与机遇并存

China's Textile and Apparel Export Challenges and Transformation Path: Challenges and Opportunities Coexist

中国纺织服装出口面临严峻挑战

China's textile and apparel exports face severe challenges

根据海关数据显示，2023年1-2月中国纺织服装累计出口同比下降11.6%。其中纺织品出口下降15.9%，服装出口下降7.5%。尽管3月出现20%的反弹，但一季度整体仍下降6.8%，成为"中国制造"中下行压力最大的商品类别。

According to customs data, China's cumulative textile and apparel exports from January to February 2023 decreased by 11.6% year-on-year. Among them, textile exports fell by 15.9%, and apparel exports fell by 7.5%. Although there was a 20% rebound in March, the overall first quarter still decreased by 6.8%, making it the commodity category with the greatest downward pressure in "Made in China".

市场份额持续下滑

Market share continues to decline

纺织商会数据显示，2023年前两个月中国在美国、欧盟、日本等主要市场的服装进口份额同比分别减少5.0、3.7和7.4个百分点。纺织品出口情况类似，中国在欧美市场份额大幅下滑。

Data from the Textile Chamber of Commerce shows that in the first two months of 2023, China's share of apparel imports in major markets such as the United States, the European Union, and Japan decreased by 5.0, 3.7, and 7.4 percentage points year-on-year respectively. The situation for textile exports is similar, with China's market share in Europe and America declining significantly.

订单转移东南亚成长期趋势

Order transfer to Southeast Asia becomes long-term trend

中国纺织品进出口商会调查显示，85%的企业表示客户订单外移明显，其中26%的企业订单外移比例超过30%。2022年越南、孟加拉等国家服装出口呈现快速增长态势，部分是中国企业主动转移产能的结果。

A survey by the China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Textiles showed that 85% of companies said customer orders were shifting significantly, with 26% of companies seeing more than 30% of orders shifting. In 2022, countries such as Vietnam and Bangladesh saw rapid growth in apparel exports, partly due to Chinese companies actively transferring production capacity.

全球需求萎缩加剧行业困境

Global demand contraction exacerbates industry difficulties

国际纺织制造商联合会(ITMF)调查显示，68%的受访者将"需求减弱"列为主要担忧。美国12月服装零售额连续3个月环比下降，欧盟零售销售指数同比下降2.4%，显示主要消费市场需求疲软。

A survey by the International Textile Manufacturers Federation (ITMF) showed that 68% of respondents listed "weakening demand" as their main concern. U.S. apparel retail sales fell month-on-month for three consecutive months in December, and the EU retail sales index fell 2.4% year-on-year, indicating weak demand in major consumer markets.

政策支持与企业自救双管齐下

Policy support and corporate self-help go hand in hand

中央和地方政府出台多项促外贸政策，包括支持企业参展、跨境电商退税等。企业则通过设备升级、自动化改造降低成本，并积极赴海外参展寻找订单。

The central and local governments have introduced a number of policies to promote foreign trade, including supporting companies to participate in exhibitions and cross-border e-commerce tax rebates. Companies are reducing costs through equipment upgrades and automation, and actively participating in overseas exhibitions to find orders.

产业升级带来新机遇

Industrial upgrading brings new opportunities

在劳动密集型产品出口下降的同时，中国机电产品出口保持增长。纺织行业正逐步向产业链中高端转移，提高纺织机械等高附加值产品比重，实现从低端向高端的升级。

While exports of labor-intensive products declined, China's exports of mechanical and electrical products maintained growth. The textile industry is gradually shifting to the middle and high end of the industrial chain, increasing the proportion of high value-added products such as textile machinery, and achieving upgrading from low-end to high-end.