政治局会议强调"稳外贸"：2025年出口压力与增长新动能
北京 - 中共中央政治局12月9日召开会议，明确提出"稳外贸"政策方向。这一信号释放之际，中国外贸正面临复杂的国际环境与增长转型的双重挑战。
Beijing - The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting on December 9, clearly proposing the policy direction of "stabilizing foreign trade". This signal comes as China's foreign trade faces dual challenges of a complex international environment and growth transformation.
2024年外贸成绩单：海关数据显示，前10个月货物进出口总额达36.02万亿元，同比增长5.2%。其中出口20.8万亿元（增长6.7%），进口15.22万亿元（增长3.2%），贸易顺差扩大17.6%至5.58万亿元。
2024 Foreign Trade Report Card: Customs data shows that in the first 10 months, total goods import and export volume reached 36.02 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 5.2%. Exports were 20.8 trillion yuan (up 6.7%), imports were 15.22 trillion yuan (up 3.2%), and the trade surplus expanded by 17.6% to 5.58 trillion yuan.
专家预警：商务部研究院白明研究员指出，2025年外贸面临"三重压力"：全球制造业PMI持续低迷（10月48.8%）、美国大选政策不确定性、传统出口优势减弱。
Expert Warning: Bai Ming, researcher at the Ministry of Commerce's Research Institute, pointed out that foreign trade in 2025 faces "triple pressures": persistently low global manufacturing PMI (48.8% in October), uncertainty in US election policies, and weakening traditional export advantages.
政策应对：11月商务部出台《促进外贸稳定增长若干措施》，重点包括：
- 扩大出口信用保险覆盖
- 加强外贸企业融资支持
- 优化跨境结算服务
- 培育跨境电商新业态
Policy Response: In November, the Ministry of Commerce issued the "Several Measures to Promote Stable Growth of Foreign Trade", focusing on:
- Expanding export credit insurance coverage
- Strengthening financing support for foreign trade enterprises
- Optimizing cross-border settlement services
- Cultivating new cross-border e-commerce formats
未来方向：专家建议从"新三样"（新能源汽车、锂电池、光伏产品）向"新四样""新五样"拓展，通过技术创新培育外贸新动能。商务部王受文副部长强调，中国经济的韧性和双循环新发展格局将有效应对外部冲击。
Future Direction: Experts suggest expanding from the "new trio" (new energy vehicles, lithium batteries, photovoltaic products) to "new quartet" and "new quintet", cultivating new drivers of foreign trade through technological innovation. Vice Minister of Commerce Wang Shouwen emphasized that the resilience of China's economy and the new dual-circulation development pattern will effectively respond to external shocks.
