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Spatial relationships

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Determine spatial relationships between two geometries.

Image of spatial relationships

Use case

In case of a natural disaster, emergency services can represent the affected areas using polygons. By determining the spatial relationships between these and any other existing features such as populated areas, infrastructure, or natural resources, it is possible to quickly determine which of the existing features might be affected or is in further danger, helping to assess risk and define further action.

How to use the sample

Select one of the three graphics. The tree view will list the relationships the selected graphic has to the other graphic geometries.

How it works

  1. Get the geometry from two different graphics. In this example the geometry of the selected graphic is compared to the geometry of each unselected graphic.
  2. Use the methods in GeometryEngine to check the relationship between the geometries, e.g. contains, disjoint, intersects, etc. If the method returns true, the relationship exists.

Relevant API

  • Geometry
  • GeometryEngine
  • GeometryEngine.Contains
  • GeometryEngine.Crosses
  • GeometryEngine.Disjoint
  • GeometryEngine.Intersects
  • GeometryEngine.Overlaps
  • GeometryEngine.Touches
  • GeometryEngine.Within
  • GeometryType
  • Graphic
  • Point
  • Polygon
  • Polyline

Tags

geometries, relationship, spatial analysis

Sample Code

SpatialRelationships.xaml.csSpatialRelationships.xaml.csSpatialRelationships.xaml
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 // Copyright 2018 Esri. // // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. // You may obtain a copy of the License at: http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 // // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an // "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific // language governing permissions and limitations under the License.  using Esri.ArcGISRuntime.Data; using Esri.ArcGISRuntime.Geometry; using Esri.ArcGISRuntime.Mapping; using Esri.ArcGISRuntime.Symbology; using Esri.ArcGISRuntime.UI; using Esri.ArcGISRuntime.UI.Controls; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Windows;  namespace ArcGIS.WPF.Samples.SpatialRelationships {  [ArcGIS.Samples.Shared.Attributes.Sample(  name: "Spatial relationships",  category: "Geometry",  description: "Determine spatial relationships between two geometries.",  instructions: "Select one of the three graphics. The tree view will list the relationships the selected graphic has to the other graphic geometries.",  tags: new[] { "geometries", "relationship", "spatial analysis" })]  public partial class SpatialRelationships  {  // References to the graphics and graphics overlay  private GraphicsOverlay _graphicsOverlay;  private Graphic _polygonGraphic;  private Graphic _polylineGraphic;  private Graphic _pointGraphic;   public SpatialRelationships()  {  InitializeComponent();   Initialize();  }   private void Initialize()  {  // Configure the basemap  MyMapView.Map = new Map(BasemapStyle.ArcGISTopographic);   // Create the graphics overlay  _graphicsOverlay = new GraphicsOverlay();   // Add the overlay to the MapView  MyMapView.GraphicsOverlays.Add(_graphicsOverlay);   // Create the point collection that defines the polygon  PointCollection polygonPoints = new PointCollection(SpatialReferences.WebMercator)  {  new MapPoint(-5991501.677830, 5599295.131468),  new MapPoint(-6928550.398185, 2087936.739807),  new MapPoint(-3149463.800709, 1840803.011362),  new MapPoint(-1563689.043184, 3714900.452072),  new MapPoint(-3180355.516764, 5619889.608838)  };   // Create the polygon  Polygon polygonGeometry = new Polygon(polygonPoints);   // Define the symbology of the polygon  SimpleLineSymbol polygonOutlineSymbol = new SimpleLineSymbol(SimpleLineSymbolStyle.Solid, System.Drawing.Color.Green, 2);  SimpleFillSymbol polygonFillSymbol = new SimpleFillSymbol(SimpleFillSymbolStyle.ForwardDiagonal, System.Drawing.Color.Green, polygonOutlineSymbol);   // Create the polygon graphic and add it to the graphics overlay  _polygonGraphic = new Graphic(polygonGeometry, polygonFillSymbol);  _graphicsOverlay.Graphics.Add(_polygonGraphic);   // Create the point collection that defines the polyline  PointCollection polylinePoints = new PointCollection(SpatialReferences.WebMercator)  {  new MapPoint(-4354240.726880, -609939.795721),  new MapPoint(-3427489.245210, 2139422.933233),  new MapPoint(-2109442.693501, 4301843.057130),  new MapPoint(-1810822.771630, 7205664.366363)  };   // Create the polyline  Polyline polylineGeometry = new Polyline(polylinePoints);   // Create the polyline graphic and add it to the graphics overlay  _polylineGraphic = new Graphic(polylineGeometry, new SimpleLineSymbol(SimpleLineSymbolStyle.Dash, System.Drawing.Color.Red, 4));  _graphicsOverlay.Graphics.Add(_polylineGraphic);   // Create the point geometry that defines the point graphic  MapPoint pointGeometry = new MapPoint(-4487263.495911, 3699176.480377, SpatialReferences.WebMercator);   // Define the symbology for the point  SimpleMarkerSymbol locationMarker = new SimpleMarkerSymbol(SimpleMarkerSymbolStyle.Circle, System.Drawing.Color.Blue, 10);   // Create the point graphic and add it to the graphics overlay  _pointGraphic = new Graphic(pointGeometry, locationMarker);  _graphicsOverlay.Graphics.Add(_pointGraphic);   // Update the selection color.  MyMapView.SelectionProperties.Color = Color.Yellow;   // Listen for taps; the spatial relationships will be updated in the handler  MyMapView.GeoViewTapped += MapViewTapped;   // Set the viewpoint to center on the point  MyMapView.SetViewpointCenterAsync(pointGeometry, 200000000);  }   private async void MapViewTapped(object sender, GeoViewInputEventArgs geoViewInputEventArgs)  {  IdentifyGraphicsOverlayResult result = null;   try  {  // Identify the tapped graphics  result = await MyMapView.IdentifyGraphicsOverlayAsync(_graphicsOverlay, geoViewInputEventArgs.Position, 1, false);  }  catch (Exception e)  {  MessageBox.Show(e.ToString(), "Error");  }   // Return if there are no results  if (result == null || result.Graphics.Count < 1)  {  return;  }   // Get the first identified graphic  Graphic identifiedGraphic = result.Graphics.First();   // Clear any existing selection, then select the tapped graphic  _graphicsOverlay.ClearSelection();  identifiedGraphic.IsSelected = true;   // Get the selected graphic's geometry  Geometry selectedGeometry = identifiedGraphic.Geometry;   // Update the spatial relationship display  switch (selectedGeometry.GeometryType)  {  case GeometryType.Point:  PointTreeEntry.ItemsSource = null;  PolygonTreeEntry.ItemsSource = GetSpatialRelationships(selectedGeometry, _polygonGraphic.Geometry);  PolylineTreeEntry.ItemsSource = GetSpatialRelationships(selectedGeometry, _polylineGraphic.Geometry);  break;   case GeometryType.Polygon:  PolygonTreeEntry.ItemsSource = null;  PointTreeEntry.ItemsSource = GetSpatialRelationships(selectedGeometry, _pointGraphic.Geometry);  PolylineTreeEntry.ItemsSource = GetSpatialRelationships(selectedGeometry, _polylineGraphic.Geometry);  break;   case GeometryType.Polyline:  PolylineTreeEntry.ItemsSource = null;  PointTreeEntry.ItemsSource = GetSpatialRelationships(selectedGeometry, _pointGraphic.Geometry);  PolygonTreeEntry.ItemsSource = GetSpatialRelationships(selectedGeometry, _polygonGraphic.Geometry);  break;  }   // Expand the tree view  PolylineTreeEntry.IsExpanded = true;  PolygonTreeEntry.IsExpanded = true;  PointTreeEntry.IsExpanded = true;  }   /// <summary>  /// Returns a list of spatial relationships between two geometries  /// </summary>  /// <param name="a">The 'a' in "a contains b"</param>  /// <param name="b">The 'b' in "a contains b"</param>  /// <returns>A list of spatial relationships that are true for a and b.</returns>  private static IEnumerable<SpatialRelationship> GetSpatialRelationships(Geometry a, Geometry b)  {  List<SpatialRelationship> relationships = new List<SpatialRelationship>();  if (a.Crosses(b)) { relationships.Add(SpatialRelationship.Crosses); }  if (a.Contains(b)) { relationships.Add(SpatialRelationship.Contains); }  if (a.Disjoint(b)) { relationships.Add(SpatialRelationship.Disjoint); }  if (a.Intersects(b)) { relationships.Add(SpatialRelationship.Intersects); }  if (a.Overlaps(b)) { relationships.Add(SpatialRelationship.Overlaps); }  if (a.Touches(b)) { relationships.Add(SpatialRelationship.Touches); }  if (a.Within(b)) { relationships.Add(SpatialRelationship.Within); }  return relationships;  }  } }

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