class WP_Tax_Query {}

Core class used to implement taxonomy queries for the Taxonomy API.

Description

Used for generating SQL clauses that filter a primary query according to object taxonomy terms.

WP_Tax_Query is a helper that allows primary query classes, such as WP_Query, to filter their results by object metadata, by generating JOIN and WHERE subclauses to be attached to the primary SQL query string.

Methods

NameDescription
WP_Tax_Query::__constructConstructor.
WP_Tax_Query::clean_queryValidates a single query.
WP_Tax_Query::find_compatible_table_aliasIdentifies an existing table alias that is compatible with the current query clause.
WP_Tax_Query::get_sqlGenerates SQL clauses to be appended to a main query.
WP_Tax_Query::get_sql_clausesGenerates SQL clauses to be appended to a main query.
WP_Tax_Query::get_sql_for_clauseGenerates SQL JOIN and WHERE clauses for a “first-order” query clause.
WP_Tax_Query::get_sql_for_queryGenerates SQL clauses for a single query array.
WP_Tax_Query::is_first_order_clauseDetermines whether a clause is first-order.
WP_Tax_Query::sanitize_queryEnsures the ‘tax_query’ argument passed to the class constructor is well-formed.
WP_Tax_Query::sanitize_relationSanitizes a ‘relation’ operator.
WP_Tax_Query::transform_queryTransforms a single query, from one field to another.

Source

class WP_Tax_Query {	/** * Array of taxonomy queries. * * See WP_Tax_Query::__construct() for information on tax query arguments. * * @since 3.1.0 * @var array */	public $queries = array();	/** * The relation between the queries. Can be one of 'AND' or 'OR'. * * @since 3.1.0 * @var string */	public $relation;	/** * Standard response when the query should not return any rows. * * @since 3.2.0 * @var string */	private static $no_results = array(	'join' => array( '' ),	'where' => array( '0 = 1' ),	);	/** * A flat list of table aliases used in the JOIN clauses. * * @since 4.1.0 * @var array */	protected $table_aliases = array();	/** * Terms and taxonomies fetched by this query. * * We store this data in a flat array because they are referenced in a * number of places by WP_Query. * * @since 4.1.0 * @var array */	public $queried_terms = array();	/** * Database table that where the metadata's objects are stored (eg $wpdb->users). * * @since 4.1.0 * @var string */	public $primary_table;	/** * Column in 'primary_table' that represents the ID of the object. * * @since 4.1.0 * @var string */	public $primary_id_column;	/** * Constructor. * * @since 3.1.0 * @since 4.1.0 Added support for `$operator` 'NOT EXISTS' and 'EXISTS' values. * * @param array $tax_query { * Array of taxonomy query clauses. * * @type string $relation Optional. The MySQL keyword used to join * the clauses of the query. Accepts 'AND', or 'OR'. Default 'AND'. * @type array ...$0 { * An array of first-order clause parameters, or another fully-formed tax query. * * @type string $taxonomy Taxonomy being queried. Optional when field=term_taxonomy_id. * @type string|int|array $terms Term or terms to filter by. * @type string $field Field to match $terms against. Accepts 'term_id', 'slug', * 'name', or 'term_taxonomy_id'. Default: 'term_id'. * @type string $operator MySQL operator to be used with $terms in the WHERE clause. * Accepts 'AND', 'IN', 'NOT IN', 'EXISTS', 'NOT EXISTS'. * Default: 'IN'. * @type bool $include_children Optional. Whether to include child terms. * Requires a $taxonomy. Default: true. * } * } */	public function __construct( $tax_query ) {	if ( isset( $tax_query['relation'] ) ) {	$this->relation = $this->sanitize_relation( $tax_query['relation'] );	} else {	$this->relation = 'AND';	}	$this->queries = $this->sanitize_query( $tax_query );	}	/** * Ensures the 'tax_query' argument passed to the class constructor is well-formed. * * Ensures that each query-level clause has a 'relation' key, and that * each first-order clause contains all the necessary keys from `$defaults`. * * @since 4.1.0 * * @param array $queries Array of queries clauses. * @return array Sanitized array of query clauses. */	public function sanitize_query( $queries ) {	$cleaned_query = array();	$defaults = array(	'taxonomy' => '',	'terms' => array(),	'field' => 'term_id',	'operator' => 'IN',	'include_children' => true,	);	foreach ( $queries as $key => $query ) {	if ( 'relation' === $key ) {	$cleaned_query['relation'] = $this->sanitize_relation( $query );	// First-order clause.	} elseif ( self::is_first_order_clause( $query ) ) {	$cleaned_clause = array_merge( $defaults, $query );	$cleaned_clause['terms'] = (array) $cleaned_clause['terms'];	$cleaned_query[] = $cleaned_clause;	/* * Keep a copy of the clause in the flate * $queried_terms array, for use in WP_Query. */	if ( ! empty( $cleaned_clause['taxonomy'] ) && 'NOT IN' !== $cleaned_clause['operator'] ) {	$taxonomy = $cleaned_clause['taxonomy'];	if ( ! isset( $this->queried_terms[ $taxonomy ] ) ) {	$this->queried_terms[ $taxonomy ] = array();	}	/* * Backward compatibility: Only store the first * 'terms' and 'field' found for a given taxonomy. */	if ( ! empty( $cleaned_clause['terms'] ) && ! isset( $this->queried_terms[ $taxonomy ]['terms'] ) ) {	$this->queried_terms[ $taxonomy ]['terms'] = $cleaned_clause['terms'];	}	if ( ! empty( $cleaned_clause['field'] ) && ! isset( $this->queried_terms[ $taxonomy ]['field'] ) ) {	$this->queried_terms[ $taxonomy ]['field'] = $cleaned_clause['field'];	}	}	// Otherwise, it's a nested query, so we recurse.	} elseif ( is_array( $query ) ) {	$cleaned_subquery = $this->sanitize_query( $query );	if ( ! empty( $cleaned_subquery ) ) {	// All queries with children must have a relation.	if ( ! isset( $cleaned_subquery['relation'] ) ) {	$cleaned_subquery['relation'] = 'AND';	}	$cleaned_query[] = $cleaned_subquery;	}	}	}	return $cleaned_query;	}	/** * Sanitizes a 'relation' operator. * * @since 4.1.0 * * @param string $relation Raw relation key from the query argument. * @return string Sanitized relation. Either 'AND' or 'OR'. */	public function sanitize_relation( $relation ) {	if ( 'OR' === strtoupper( $relation ) ) {	return 'OR';	} else {	return 'AND';	}	}	/** * Determines whether a clause is first-order. * * A "first-order" clause is one that contains any of the first-order * clause keys ('terms', 'taxonomy', 'include_children', 'field', * 'operator'). An empty clause also counts as a first-order clause, * for backward compatibility. Any clause that doesn't meet this is * determined, by process of elimination, to be a higher-order query. * * @since 4.1.0 * * @param array $query Tax query arguments. * @return bool Whether the query clause is a first-order clause. */	protected static function is_first_order_clause( $query ) {	return is_array( $query ) && ( empty( $query ) || array_key_exists( 'terms', $query ) || array_key_exists( 'taxonomy', $query ) || array_key_exists( 'include_children', $query ) || array_key_exists( 'field', $query ) || array_key_exists( 'operator', $query ) );	}	/** * Generates SQL clauses to be appended to a main query. * * @since 3.1.0 * * @param string $primary_table Database table where the object being filtered is stored (eg wp_users). * @param string $primary_id_column ID column for the filtered object in $primary_table. * @return string[] { * Array containing JOIN and WHERE SQL clauses to append to the main query. * * @type string $join SQL fragment to append to the main JOIN clause. * @type string $where SQL fragment to append to the main WHERE clause. * } */	public function get_sql( $primary_table, $primary_id_column ) {	$this->primary_table = $primary_table;	$this->primary_id_column = $primary_id_column;	return $this->get_sql_clauses();	}	/** * Generates SQL clauses to be appended to a main query. * * Called by the public WP_Tax_Query::get_sql(), this method * is abstracted out to maintain parity with the other Query classes. * * @since 4.1.0 * * @return string[] { * Array containing JOIN and WHERE SQL clauses to append to the main query. * * @type string $join SQL fragment to append to the main JOIN clause. * @type string $where SQL fragment to append to the main WHERE clause. * } */	protected function get_sql_clauses() {	/* * $queries are passed by reference to get_sql_for_query() for recursion. * To keep $this->queries unaltered, pass a copy. */	$queries = $this->queries;	$sql = $this->get_sql_for_query( $queries );	if ( ! empty( $sql['where'] ) ) {	$sql['where'] = ' AND ' . $sql['where'];	}	return $sql;	}	/** * Generates SQL clauses for a single query array. * * If nested subqueries are found, this method recurses the tree to * produce the properly nested SQL. * * @since 4.1.0 * * @param array $query Query to parse (passed by reference). * @param int $depth Optional. Number of tree levels deep we currently are. * Used to calculate indentation. Default 0. * @return string[] { * Array containing JOIN and WHERE SQL clauses to append to a single query array. * * @type string $join SQL fragment to append to the main JOIN clause. * @type string $where SQL fragment to append to the main WHERE clause. * } */	protected function get_sql_for_query( &$query, $depth = 0 ) {	$sql_chunks = array(	'join' => array(),	'where' => array(),	);	$sql = array(	'join' => '',	'where' => '',	);	$indent = '';	for ( $i = 0; $i < $depth; $i++ ) {	$indent .= ' ';	}	foreach ( $query as $key => &$clause ) {	if ( 'relation' === $key ) {	$relation = $query['relation'];	} elseif ( is_array( $clause ) ) {	// This is a first-order clause.	if ( $this->is_first_order_clause( $clause ) ) {	$clause_sql = $this->get_sql_for_clause( $clause, $query );	$where_count = count( $clause_sql['where'] );	if ( ! $where_count ) {	$sql_chunks['where'][] = '';	} elseif ( 1 === $where_count ) {	$sql_chunks['where'][] = $clause_sql['where'][0];	} else {	$sql_chunks['where'][] = '( ' . implode( ' AND ', $clause_sql['where'] ) . ' )';	}	$sql_chunks['join'] = array_merge( $sql_chunks['join'], $clause_sql['join'] );	// This is a subquery, so we recurse.	} else {	$clause_sql = $this->get_sql_for_query( $clause, $depth + 1 );	$sql_chunks['where'][] = $clause_sql['where'];	$sql_chunks['join'][] = $clause_sql['join'];	}	}	}	// Filter to remove empties.	$sql_chunks['join'] = array_filter( $sql_chunks['join'] );	$sql_chunks['where'] = array_filter( $sql_chunks['where'] );	if ( empty( $relation ) ) {	$relation = 'AND';	}	// Filter duplicate JOIN clauses and combine into a single string.	if ( ! empty( $sql_chunks['join'] ) ) {	$sql['join'] = implode( ' ', array_unique( $sql_chunks['join'] ) );	}	// Generate a single WHERE clause with proper brackets and indentation.	if ( ! empty( $sql_chunks['where'] ) ) {	$sql['where'] = '( ' . "\n " . $indent . implode( ' ' . "\n " . $indent . $relation . ' ' . "\n " . $indent, $sql_chunks['where'] ) . "\n" . $indent . ')';	}	return $sql;	}	/** * Generates SQL JOIN and WHERE clauses for a "first-order" query clause. * * @since 4.1.0 * * @global wpdb $wpdb The WordPress database abstraction object. * * @param array $clause Query clause (passed by reference). * @param array $parent_query Parent query array. * @return array { * Array containing JOIN and WHERE SQL clauses to append to a first-order query. * * @type string[] $join Array of SQL fragments to append to the main JOIN clause. * @type string[] $where Array of SQL fragments to append to the main WHERE clause. * } */	public function get_sql_for_clause( &$clause, $parent_query ) {	global $wpdb;	$sql = array(	'where' => array(),	'join' => array(),	);	$join = '';	$where = '';	$this->clean_query( $clause );	if ( is_wp_error( $clause ) ) {	return self::$no_results;	}	$terms = $clause['terms'];	$operator = strtoupper( $clause['operator'] );	if ( 'IN' === $operator ) {	if ( empty( $terms ) ) {	return self::$no_results;	}	$terms = implode( ',', $terms );	/* * Before creating another table join, see if this clause has a * sibling with an existing join that can be shared. */	$alias = $this->find_compatible_table_alias( $clause, $parent_query );	if ( false === $alias ) {	$i = count( $this->table_aliases );	$alias = $i ? 'tt' . $i : $wpdb->term_relationships;	// Store the alias as part of a flat array to build future iterators.	$this->table_aliases[] = $alias;	// Store the alias with this clause, so later siblings can use it.	$clause['alias'] = $alias;	$join .= " LEFT JOIN $wpdb->term_relationships";	$join .= $i ? " AS $alias" : '';	$join .= " ON ($this->primary_table.$this->primary_id_column = $alias.object_id)";	}	$where = "$alias.term_taxonomy_id $operator ($terms)";	} elseif ( 'NOT IN' === $operator ) {	if ( empty( $terms ) ) {	return $sql;	}	$terms = implode( ',', $terms );	$where = "$this->primary_table.$this->primary_id_column NOT IN (	SELECT object_id	FROM $wpdb->term_relationships	WHERE term_taxonomy_id IN ($terms)	)";	} elseif ( 'AND' === $operator ) {	if ( empty( $terms ) ) {	return $sql;	}	$num_terms = count( $terms );	$terms = implode( ',', $terms );	$where = "(	SELECT COUNT(1)	FROM $wpdb->term_relationships	WHERE term_taxonomy_id IN ($terms)	AND object_id = $this->primary_table.$this->primary_id_column	) = $num_terms";	} elseif ( 'NOT EXISTS' === $operator || 'EXISTS' === $operator ) {	$where = $wpdb->prepare(	"$operator (	SELECT 1	FROM $wpdb->term_relationships	INNER JOIN $wpdb->term_taxonomy	ON $wpdb->term_taxonomy.term_taxonomy_id = $wpdb->term_relationships.term_taxonomy_id	WHERE $wpdb->term_taxonomy.taxonomy = %s	AND $wpdb->term_relationships.object_id = $this->primary_table.$this->primary_id_column	)",	$clause['taxonomy']	);	}	$sql['join'][] = $join;	$sql['where'][] = $where;	return $sql;	}	/** * Identifies an existing table alias that is compatible with the current query clause. * * We avoid unnecessary table joins by allowing each clause to look for * an existing table alias that is compatible with the query that it * needs to perform. * * An existing alias is compatible if (a) it is a sibling of `$clause` * (ie, it's under the scope of the same relation), and (b) the combination * of operator and relation between the clauses allows for a shared table * join. In the case of WP_Tax_Query, this only applies to 'IN' * clauses that are connected by the relation 'OR'. * * @since 4.1.0 * * @param array $clause Query clause. * @param array $parent_query Parent query of $clause. * @return string|false Table alias if found, otherwise false. */	protected function find_compatible_table_alias( $clause, $parent_query ) {	$alias = false;	// Confidence check. Only IN queries use the JOIN syntax.	if ( ! isset( $clause['operator'] ) || 'IN' !== $clause['operator'] ) {	return $alias;	}	// Since we're only checking IN queries, we're only concerned with OR relations.	if ( ! isset( $parent_query['relation'] ) || 'OR' !== $parent_query['relation'] ) {	return $alias;	}	$compatible_operators = array( 'IN' );	foreach ( $parent_query as $sibling ) {	if ( ! is_array( $sibling ) || ! $this->is_first_order_clause( $sibling ) ) {	continue;	}	if ( empty( $sibling['alias'] ) || empty( $sibling['operator'] ) ) {	continue;	}	// The sibling must both have compatible operator to share its alias.	if ( in_array( strtoupper( $sibling['operator'] ), $compatible_operators, true ) ) {	$alias = preg_replace( '/\W/', '_', $sibling['alias'] );	break;	}	}	return $alias;	}	/** * Validates a single query. * * @since 3.2.0 * * @param array $query The single query. Passed by reference. */	private function clean_query( &$query ) {	if ( empty( $query['taxonomy'] ) ) {	if ( 'term_taxonomy_id' !== $query['field'] ) {	$query = new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Invalid taxonomy.' ) );	return;	}	// So long as there are shared terms, 'include_children' requires that a taxonomy is set.	$query['include_children'] = false;	} elseif ( ! taxonomy_exists( $query['taxonomy'] ) ) {	$query = new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Invalid taxonomy.' ) );	return;	}	if ( 'slug' === $query['field'] || 'name' === $query['field'] ) {	$query['terms'] = array_unique( (array) $query['terms'] );	} else {	$query['terms'] = wp_parse_id_list( $query['terms'] );	}	if ( is_taxonomy_hierarchical( $query['taxonomy'] ) && $query['include_children'] ) {	$this->transform_query( $query, 'term_id' );	if ( is_wp_error( $query ) ) {	return;	}	$children = array();	foreach ( $query['terms'] as $term ) {	$children = array_merge( $children, get_term_children( $term, $query['taxonomy'] ) );	$children[] = $term;	}	$query['terms'] = $children;	}	$this->transform_query( $query, 'term_taxonomy_id' );	}	/** * Transforms a single query, from one field to another. * * Operates on the `$query` object by reference. In the case of error, * `$query` is converted to a WP_Error object. * * @since 3.2.0 * * @param array $query The single query. Passed by reference. * @param string $resulting_field The resulting field. Accepts 'slug', 'name', 'term_taxonomy_id', * or 'term_id'. Default 'term_id'. */	public function transform_query( &$query, $resulting_field ) {	if ( empty( $query['terms'] ) ) {	return;	}	if ( $query['field'] === $resulting_field ) {	return;	}	$resulting_field = sanitize_key( $resulting_field );	// Empty 'terms' always results in a null transformation.	$terms = array_filter( $query['terms'] );	if ( empty( $terms ) ) {	$query['terms'] = array();	$query['field'] = $resulting_field;	return;	}	$args = array(	'get' => 'all',	'number' => 0,	'taxonomy' => $query['taxonomy'],	'update_term_meta_cache' => false,	'orderby' => 'none',	);	// Term query parameter name depends on the 'field' being searched on.	switch ( $query['field'] ) {	case 'slug':	$args['slug'] = $terms;	break;	case 'name':	$args['name'] = $terms;	break;	case 'term_taxonomy_id':	$args['term_taxonomy_id'] = $terms;	break;	default:	$args['include'] = wp_parse_id_list( $terms );	break;	}	if ( ! is_taxonomy_hierarchical( $query['taxonomy'] ) ) {	$args['number'] = count( $terms );	}	$term_query = new WP_Term_Query();	$term_list = $term_query->query( $args );	if ( is_wp_error( $term_list ) ) {	$query = $term_list;	return;	}	if ( 'AND' === $query['operator'] && count( $term_list ) < count( $query['terms'] ) ) {	$query = new WP_Error( 'inexistent_terms', __( 'Inexistent terms.' ) );	return;	}	$query['terms'] = wp_list_pluck( $term_list, $resulting_field );	$query['field'] = $resulting_field;	} } 

Changelog

VersionDescription
3.1.0Introduced.

User Contributed Notes

  1. Skip to note 4 content

    Note that you cannot use an array for taxonomy:

    $args = array( 'post_type' => 'album', 'post_status' => 'publish', 'tax_query' => array( array( 'taxonomy' => array( 'genre', 'dance' ), // <-- NO! Does not work. 'field' => 'slug', 'terms' => array( 'jazz', 'improv', 'tango', 'jitterbug' ) ) ) ); $query = new WP_Query( $args );

    but you can use a relation:

    $args = array( 'post_type' => 'album', 'post_status' => 'publish', 'tax_query' => array(	'relation' => 'OR', array( 'taxonomy' => 'genre', 'field' => 'slug', 'terms' => array( 'jazz', 'improv' ) ), array( 'taxonomy' => 'dance', 'field' => 'slug', 'terms' => array( 'jazz', 'improv', 'tango', 'jitterbug' ) ) ) ); $query = new WP_Query( $args );

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