importlib.import_module() sometimes fails to import a module that has just been written to the filesystem, aborting with an ImportError. Example output when executing the attached file with Python 3.3 or 3.4: Wrote tmpwbzb35.py Successfully imported tmpwbzb35 Wrote tmp34c6qs.py Traceback (most recent call last): File "importerror.py", line 12, in <module> importlib.import_module(modname) File "/home/rjd/Python/Python3.3/lib/python3.3/importlib/__init__.py", line 88, in import_module return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level) File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1577, in _gcd_import File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1558, in _find_and_load File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1522, in _find_and_load_unlocked ImportError: No module named 'tmp34c6qs' I have been unable to reproduce this behaviour with Python 2.7 or Python 3.2.

Looks like some sort of race condition. Sleeping for a second before import_module seem to solve the problem.

Because stat results are cached for performance reasons, it's possible to write to the file system and then try to read/import from it before the modification time for the directory even picks up that there was a change. For this reason there is importlib.invalidate_caches(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importlib.invalidate_caches . I have opened http://bugs.python.org/issue23422 to track that the docs for importlib.import_module() point out invalidate_caches().