中国外贸面临严峻挑战：多重压力下如何突围？
中国外贸正面临艰难时刻。上半年进出口规模仍在扩大，但5月同比增速已降至0.5%，6月甚至较去年同期缩水。商务部对外贸易司司长李兴乾说，外贸形势"极为严峻"。
China's foreign trade is facing difficult times. Although the scale of imports and exports continued to expand in the first half of the year, the year-on-year growth rate dropped to 0.5% in May and even shrank compared with the same period last year in June. Li Xingqian, director of the Foreign Trade Department of the Ministry of Commerce, said the foreign trade situation is "extremely severe".
多重挑战/ Multiple Challenges
眼下外贸面临的挑战是多方面的。有些是经济性的。疫情虽已过去，但世界经贸复苏依然步履蹒跚。生产、消费、投资三大需求都处于低迷状态，全球制造业采购经理指数（PMI）已经连续9个月低于荣枯线。
The challenges facing foreign trade are multifaceted. Some are economic. Although the pandemic has passed, the recovery of the world economy and trade is still faltering. The three major demands of production, consumption and investment are all in a sluggish state, and the global manufacturing PMI has been below the boom-bust line for nine consecutive months.
政治性挑战/ Political Challenges
由于美国等西方国家将贸易问题政治化，搞"小院高墙""脱钩断链"，订单和产能被迫向外转移，正常贸易往来受阻。据中方统计，上半年中美贸易额同比下降8.4％。
As the United States and other Western countries politicize trade issues and engage in "small yard, high fence" and "decoupling", orders and production capacity are forced to shift outward, and normal trade exchanges are hindered. According to Chinese statistics, China-US trade volume fell 8.4% year-on-year in the first half of the year.
应对策略/ Coping Strategies
分析人士认为，重重挑战之下，中国外贸要成功突围，需保持理智，各个击破。在管涛看来，有些变化系外部不可控力引起，在此情况下应推动贸易投资或经贸关系多元化、分散化。
Analysts believe that under multiple challenges, China's foreign trade needs to remain rational and break through one by one to succeed. In Guan Tao's view, some changes are caused by external uncontrollable forces. In this case, we should promote the diversification of trade investment or economic and trade relations.
积极信号/ Positive Signals
一些领域积极信号也开始显现。李兴乾透露，对重点外贸行业和企业的跟踪调研已有一些积极变化，如跨境往来进一步畅通，国际航班数量也稳步恢复。
Some positive signals have also begun to appear in some areas. Li Xingqian revealed that there have been some positive changes in the tracking and research of key foreign trade industries and enterprises, such as further smooth cross-border exchanges and steady recovery of international flights.
未来展望/ Future Outlook
中国社科院世界经济与政治研究所研究员高凌云认为，今年中国进出口以美元计预计将同比增长2%，"这已经是不错的成绩"。
Gao Lingyun, a researcher at the Institute of World Economics and Politics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes that China's imports and exports in US dollar terms are expected to increase by 2% year-on-year this year, "which is already a good achievement".
