外贸新手入门指南：从基础概念到客户开发全攻略
常见外贸概念 | Basic Concepts of Foreign Trade
1. 传统外贸 | Traditional Foreign Trade
即国内企业为老外生产加工并出口，以OEM为主（为品牌代工）。近年来，随着国内企业创新能力的提升，ODM（企业自主设计，贴老外的牌子）、OBM（自主品牌出海）的比例也逐渐增加。
Domestic manufacturers produce and export for foreign clients, mainly through OEM. With improved innovation capabilities, ODM (own design manufacturing) and OBM (own brand manufacturing) are becoming more common.
2. 电商类型 | E-commerce Types
- 传统电商：以pxx、淘等平台型电商为主
- Traditional e-commerce: Platform-based like Pinduoduo and Taobao
- 跨境电商：在国外直接开店，是外贸与电商的结合体
- Cross-border e-commerce: Direct overseas store operation
3. 商业模式 | Business Models
B2B（企业对企业，如1688）、C2C（个人对消费者）、B2C（企业对消费者）、O2O（线上线下结合）
B2B (Alibaba), C2C (Taobao), B2C (Amazon), O2O (online-offline integration)
外贸注意事项 | Key Considerations
- 避免让老客户知晓其所在国家有新客户
Don't let existing clients know about new clients in same region - 不要透露利润给供应商
Keep profit margins confidential from suppliers - 做好长期客户跟踪准备（可能需3年+）
Prepare for long-term follow-up (may take 3+ years)
外贸入门三步曲 | 3-Step Starter Guide
1. 前期准备 | Preparation
开通国际邮箱，避免无法接收国外邮件
Set up international email account first
2. 了解产品 | Product Knowledge
包括产品特性、生产流程、原材料等全面信息
Master product specs, production process and raw materials
3. 开发客户 | Customer Acquisition
通过H.S编码或关键词查找客户，使用领英等工具开发
Find clients via HS codes/keywords, utilize LinkedIn
客户开发技巧 | Customer Development Tips
- 分析客户所在行业和专业程度
Analyze client's industry and expertise level - 了解目标国家文化习俗
Research target country's culture - 优先开发高需求国家市场
Focus on high-demand markets first
推荐工具 | Recommended Tools
外贸地图大数据：uultt.cn/604E12
Foreign trade mapping tool
