Skip to Content Skip to Search

An Engine with the responsibility of coordinating the whole boot process.

Initialization ↑

Rails::Application is responsible for executing all railties and engines initializers. It also executes some bootstrap initializers (check Rails::Application::Bootstrap) and finishing initializers, after all the others are executed (check Rails::Application::Finisher).

Configuration ↑

Besides providing the same configuration as Rails::Engine and Rails::Railtie, the application object has several specific configurations, for example enable_reloading, consider_all_requests_local, filter_parameters, logger, and so forth.

Check Rails::Application::Configuration to see them all.

Routes ↑

The application object is also responsible for holding the routes and reloading routes whenever the files change in development.

Middlewares ↑

The Application is also responsible for building the middleware stack.

Booting process ↑

The application is also responsible for setting up and executing the booting process. From the moment you require config/application.rb in your app, the booting process goes like this:

  1. require "config/boot.rb" to set up load paths.

  2. require railties and engines.

  3. Define Rails.application as class MyApp::Application < Rails::Application.

  4. Run config.before_configuration callbacks.

  5. Load config/environments/ENV.rb.

  6. Run config.before_initialize callbacks.

  7. Run Railtie#initializer defined by railties, engines, and application. One by one, each engine sets up its load paths and routes, and runs its config/initializers/* files.

  8. Custom Railtie#initializers added by railties, engines, and applications are executed.

  9. Build the middleware stack and run to_prepare callbacks.

  10. Run config.before_eager_load and eager_load! if eager_load is true.

  11. Run config.after_initialize callbacks.

Namespace
Methods
C
D
E
F
G
I
K
M
N
R
S

Attributes

[RW] assets
[R] autoloaders
[W] config
[W] credentials
[R] executor
[R] reloader
[R] reloaders
[RW] sandbox
[RW] sandbox?

Class Public methods

create(initial_variable_values = {}, &block)

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File railties/lib/rails/application.rb, line 82 def create(initial_variable_values = {}, &block) new(initial_variable_values, &block).run_load_hooks! end

find_root(from)

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File railties/lib/rails/application.rb, line 86 def find_root(from) find_root_with_flag "config.ru", from, Dir.pwd end

inherited(base)

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File railties/lib/rails/application.rb, line 69 def inherited(base) super Rails.app_class = base # lib has to be added to $LOAD_PATH unconditionally, even if it's in the # autoload paths and config.add_autoload_paths_to_load_path is false. add_lib_to_load_path!(find_root(base.called_from)) ActiveSupport.run_load_hooks(:before_configuration, base) end

instance()

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File railties/lib/rails/application.rb, line 78 def instance super.run_load_hooks! end

new(initial_variable_values = {}, &block)

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File railties/lib/rails/application.rb, line 107 def initialize(initial_variable_values = {}, &block) super() @initialized = false @reloaders = [] @routes_reloader = nil @app_env_config = nil @ordered_railties = nil @railties = nil @key_generators = {} @message_verifiers = nil @deprecators = nil @ran_load_hooks = false @executor = Class.new(ActiveSupport::Executor) @reloader = Class.new(ActiveSupport::Reloader) @reloader.executor = @executor @autoloaders = Rails::Autoloaders.new # are these actually used? @initial_variable_values = initial_variable_values @block = block end

Instance Public methods

config_for(name, env: Rails.env)

Convenience for loading config/foo.yml for the current Rails env. Example:

# config/exception_notification.yml: production: url: http://127.0.0.1:8080 namespace: my_app_production development: url: http://localhost:3001 namespace: my_app_development

# config/environments/production.rb Rails.application.configure do config.middleware.use ExceptionNotifier, config_for(:exception_notification) end

You can also store configurations in a shared section which will be merged with the environment configuration

# config/example.yml shared: foo: bar: baz: 1 development: foo: bar: qux: 2

# development environment Rails.application.config_for(:example)[:foo][:bar] # => { baz: 1, qux: 2 }

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File railties/lib/rails/application.rb, line 290 def config_for(name, env: Rails.env) yaml = name.is_a?(Pathname) ? name : Pathname.new("#{paths["config"].existent.first}/#{name}.yml") if yaml.exist? require "erb" all_configs = ActiveSupport::ConfigurationFile.parse(yaml).deep_symbolize_keys config, shared = all_configs[env.to_sym], all_configs[:shared] if shared config = {} if config.nil? && shared.is_a?(Hash) if config.is_a?(Hash) && shared.is_a?(Hash) config = shared.deep_merge(config) elsif config.nil? config = shared end end if config.is_a?(Hash) config = ActiveSupport::OrderedOptions.new.update(config) end config else raise "Could not load configuration. No such file - #{yaml}" end end

console(&blk)

Sends any console called in the instance of a new application up to the console method defined in Rails::Railtie.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File railties/lib/rails/application.rb, line 373 def console(&blk) self.class.console(&blk) end

credentials()

Returns an ActiveSupport::EncryptedConfiguration instance for the credentials file specified by config.credentials.content_path.

By default, config.credentials.content_path will point to either config/credentials/#{environment}.yml.enc for the current environment (for example, config/credentials/production.yml.enc for the production environment), or config/credentials.yml.enc if that file does not exist.

The encryption key is taken from either ENV["RAILS_MASTER_KEY"], or from the file specified by config.credentials.key_path. By default, config.credentials.key_path will point to either config/credentials/#{environment}.key for the current environment, or config/master.key if that file does not exist.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File railties/lib/rails/application.rb, line 497 def credentials @credentials ||= encrypted(config.credentials.content_path, key_path: config.credentials.key_path) end

deprecators()

A managed collection of deprecators (ActiveSupport::Deprecation::Deprecators). The collection’s configuration methods affect all deprecators in the collection. Additionally, the collection’s silence method silences all deprecators in the collection for the duration of a given block.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File railties/lib/rails/application.rb, line 246 def deprecators @deprecators ||= ActiveSupport::Deprecation::Deprecators.new.tap do |deprecators| deprecators[:railties] = Rails.deprecator end end

eager_load!()

Eager loads the application code.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File railties/lib/rails/application.rb, line 555 def eager_load! Rails.autoloaders.each(&:eager_load) end

encrypted(path, key_path: "config/master.key", env_key: "RAILS_MASTER_KEY")

Returns an ActiveSupport::EncryptedConfiguration instance for an encrypted file. By default, the encryption key is taken from either ENV["RAILS_MASTER_KEY"], or from the config/master.key file.

my_config = Rails.application.encrypted("config/my_config.enc") my_config.read # => "foo:\n bar: 123\n" my_config.foo.bar # => 123

Encrypted files can be edited with the bin/rails encrypted:edit command. (See the output of bin/rails encrypted:edit --help for more information.)

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File railties/lib/rails/application.rb, line 516 def encrypted(path, key_path: "config/master.key", env_key: "RAILS_MASTER_KEY") ActiveSupport::EncryptedConfiguration.new( config_path: Rails.root.join(path), key_path: Rails.root.join(key_path), env_key: env_key, raise_if_missing_key: config.require_master_key ) end

env_config()

Stores some of the Rails initial environment parameters which will be used by middlewares and engines to configure themselves.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File railties/lib/rails/application.rb, line 319 def env_config @app_env_config ||= super.merge( "action_dispatch.parameter_filter" => filter_parameters, "action_dispatch.redirect_filter" => config.filter_redirect, "action_dispatch.secret_key_base" => secret_key_base, "action_dispatch.show_exceptions" => config.action_dispatch.show_exceptions, "action_dispatch.show_detailed_exceptions" => config.consider_all_requests_local, "action_dispatch.log_rescued_responses" => config.action_dispatch.log_rescued_responses, "action_dispatch.debug_exception_log_level" => ActiveSupport::Logger.const_get(config.action_dispatch.debug_exception_log_level.to_s.upcase), "action_dispatch.logger" => Rails.logger, "action_dispatch.backtrace_cleaner" => Rails.backtrace_cleaner, "action_dispatch.key_generator" => key_generator, "action_dispatch.http_auth_salt" => config.action_dispatch.http_auth_salt, "action_dispatch.signed_cookie_salt" => config.action_dispatch.signed_cookie_salt, "action_dispatch.encrypted_cookie_salt" => config.action_dispatch.encrypted_cookie_salt, "action_dispatch.encrypted_signed_cookie_salt" => config.action_dispatch.encrypted_signed_cookie_salt, "action_dispatch.authenticated_encrypted_cookie_salt" => config.action_dispatch.authenticated_encrypted_cookie_salt, "action_dispatch.use_authenticated_cookie_encryption" => config.action_dispatch.use_authenticated_cookie_encryption, "action_dispatch.encrypted_cookie_cipher" => config.action_dispatch.encrypted_cookie_cipher, "action_dispatch.signed_cookie_digest" => config.action_dispatch.signed_cookie_digest, "action_dispatch.cookies_serializer" => config.action_dispatch.cookies_serializer, "action_dispatch.cookies_digest" => config.action_dispatch.cookies_digest, "action_dispatch.cookies_rotations" => config.action_dispatch.cookies_rotations, "action_dispatch.cookies_same_site_protection" => coerce_same_site_protection(config.action_dispatch.cookies_same_site_protection), "action_dispatch.use_cookies_with_metadata" => config.action_dispatch.use_cookies_with_metadata, "action_dispatch.content_security_policy" => config.content_security_policy, "action_dispatch.content_security_policy_report_only" => config.content_security_policy_report_only, "action_dispatch.content_security_policy_nonce_generator" => config.content_security_policy_nonce_generator, "action_dispatch.content_security_policy_nonce_directives" => config.content_security_policy_nonce_directives, "action_dispatch.permissions_policy" => config.permissions_policy, ) end

generators(&blk)

Sends any generators called in the instance of a new application up to the generators method defined in Rails::Railtie.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File railties/lib/rails/application.rb, line 379 def generators(&blk) self.class.generators(&blk) end

initialized?()

Returns true if the application is initialized.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File railties/lib/rails/application.rb, line 132 def initialized? @initialized end

initializer(name, opts = {}, &block)

Sends the initializers to the initializer method defined in the Rails::Initializable module. Each Rails::Application class has its own set of initializers, as defined by the Initializable module.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File railties/lib/rails/application.rb, line 361 def initializer(name, opts = {}, &block) self.class.initializer(name, opts, &block) end

isolate_namespace(mod)

Sends the isolate_namespace method up to the class method.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File railties/lib/rails/application.rb, line 390 def isolate_namespace(mod) self.class.isolate_namespace(mod) end

key_generator(secret_key_base = self.secret_key_base)

Returns a key generator (ActiveSupport::CachingKeyGenerator) for a specified secret_key_base. The return value is memoized, so additional calls with the same secret_key_base will return the same key generator instance.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File railties/lib/rails/application.rb, line 174 def key_generator(secret_key_base = self.secret_key_base) # number of iterations selected based on consultation with the google security # team. Details at https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/6952#issuecomment-7661220 @key_generators[secret_key_base] ||= ActiveSupport::CachingKeyGenerator.new( ActiveSupport::KeyGenerator.new(secret_key_base, iterations: 1000) ) end

message_verifier(verifier_name)

Returns a message verifier object.

This verifier can be used to generate and verify signed messages in the application.

It is recommended not to use the same verifier for different things, so you can get different verifiers passing the verifier_name argument.

For instance, ActiveStorage::Blob.signed_id_verifier is implemented using this feature, which assures that the IDs strings haven’t been tampered with and are safe to use in a finder.

See the ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier documentation for more information.

Parameters ↑

  • verifier_name - the name of the message verifier.

Examples ↑

message = Rails.application.message_verifier('my_purpose').generate('data to sign against tampering') Rails.application.message_verifier('my_purpose').verify(message) # => 'data to sign against tampering'

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File railties/lib/rails/application.rb, line 238 def message_verifier(verifier_name) message_verifiers[verifier_name] end

message_verifiers()

Returns a message verifier factory (ActiveSupport::MessageVerifiers). This factory can be used as a central point to configure and create message verifiers (ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier) for your application.

By default, message verifiers created by this factory will generate messages using the default ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier options. You can override these options with a combination of ActiveSupport::MessageVerifiers#clear_rotations and ActiveSupport::MessageVerifiers#rotate. However, this must be done prior to building any message verifier instances. For example, in a before_initialize block:

# Use `url_safe: true` when generating messages config.before_initialize do |app| app.message_verifiers.clear_rotations app.message_verifiers.rotate(url_safe: true) end

Message verifiers created by this factory will always use a secret derived from secret_key_base when generating messages. clear_rotations will not affect this behavior. However, older secret_key_base values can be rotated for verifying messages:

# Fall back to old `secret_key_base` when verifying messages config.before_initialize do |app| app.message_verifiers.rotate(secret_key_base: "old secret_key_base") end

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File railties/lib/rails/application.rb, line 210 def message_verifiers @message_verifiers ||= ActiveSupport::MessageVerifiers.new do |salt, secret_key_base: self.secret_key_base| key_generator(secret_key_base).generate_key(salt) end.rotate_defaults end

name()

Returns the dasherized application name.

MyApp::Application.new.name => "my-app"

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File railties/lib/rails/application.rb, line 139 def name self.class.name.underscore.dasherize.delete_suffix("/application") end

rake_tasks(&block)

If you try to define a set of Rake tasks on the instance, these will get passed up to the Rake tasks defined on the application’s class.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File railties/lib/rails/application.rb, line 354 def rake_tasks(&block) self.class.rake_tasks(&block) end

reload_routes!()

Reload application routes regardless if they changed or not.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File railties/lib/rails/application.rb, line 158 def reload_routes! if routes_reloader.execute_unless_loaded routes_reloader.loaded = false else routes_reloader.reload! end end

runner(&blk)

Sends any runner called in the instance of a new application up to the runner method defined in Rails::Railtie.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File railties/lib/rails/application.rb, line 367 def runner(&blk) self.class.runner(&blk) end

secret_key_base()

The secret_key_base is used as the input secret to the application’s key generator, which in turn is used to create all ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier and ActiveSupport::MessageEncryptor instances, including the ones that sign and encrypt cookies.

We look for it first in ENV["SECRET_KEY_BASE"], then in credentials.secret_key_base. For most applications, the correct place to store it is in the encrypted credentials file.

In development and test, if the secret_key_base is still empty, it is randomly generated and stored in a temporary file in tmp/local_secret.txt.

Generating a random secret_key_base and storing it in tmp/local_secret.txt can also be triggered by setting ENV["SECRET_KEY_BASE_DUMMY"]. This is useful when precompiling assets for production as part of a build step that otherwise does not need access to the production secrets.

Dockerfile example: RUN SECRET_KEY_BASE_DUMMY=1 bundle exec rails assets:precompile.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File railties/lib/rails/application.rb, line 479 def secret_key_base config.secret_key_base end

server(&blk)

Sends any server called in the instance of a new application up to the server method defined in Rails::Railtie.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File railties/lib/rails/application.rb, line 385 def server(&blk) self.class.server(&blk) end

Instance Protected methods

ensure_generator_templates_added()

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File railties/lib/rails/application.rb, line 633 def ensure_generator_templates_added configured_paths = config.generators.templates configured_paths.unshift(*(paths["lib/templates"].existent - configured_paths)) end