美国301关税政策对服装行业影响分析：未能有效提升本土竞争力
编译丨雨果跨境 刘志伟 | 编辑丨何志勇
2023年3月，美国国际贸易委员会（USITC）发布了关于301条款对中国进口商品经济影响的官方评估报告。该研究基于2017年1月至2021年12月的贸易数据，揭示了关税政策对美中贸易的复杂影响。
In March 2023, the United States International Trade Commission (USITC) released an official assessment report on the economic impact of Section 301 tariffs on Chinese imports. The study, based on trade data from January 2017 to December 2021, reveals the complex effects of tariff policies on US-China trade.
核心发现：数据显示，对中国商品加征关税导致：
Key Findings: Data shows that imposing tariffs on Chinese goods resulted in:
- 美国进口商采购成本上升（进口价格上涨）
- Increased procurement costs for US importers (higher import prices)
- 中国出口价格保持稳定
- Stable export prices from China
- 美国从中国进口量显著减少
- Significant reduction in US imports from China
- 美国本土竞争产品产量和价格同步上涨
- Increased production and prices of competing domestic products in the US
对服装行业的专项影响
Specific Impact on Apparel Industry
1. 进口格局变化：
1. Changes in Import Patterns:
• 2019年美国从中国进口机织服装下降14.7%
• US imports of woven apparel from China decreased by 14.7% in 2019
• 2020-2021年降幅扩大至近40%
• The decline expanded to nearly 40% during 2020-2021
2. 进口替代效应：
2. Import Substitution Effect:
• 2019年从其他国家进口增长7.1%
• Imports from other countries increased by 7.1% in 2019
• 2020-2021年增长率达24.8%-25.2%
• Growth rate reached 24.8%-25.2% during 2020-2021
• 同期本土产量仅增长6.3%
• Domestic production increased by only 6.3% during the same period
3. 价格影响：
3. Price Impact:
• 中国进口服装价格上涨14.5-14.7%
• Prices of imported apparel from China rose by 14.5-14.7%
• 其他国家进口服装价格上涨3.2%
• Prices of apparel imported from other countries increased by 3.2%
关键结论：数据显示301条款未能有效提振美国本土服装制造业，反而导致进口成本上升和供应链调整压力。
Key Conclusion: Data indicates that Section 301 tariffs failed to effectively boost US domestic apparel manufacturing, instead leading to higher import costs and supply chain adjustment pressures.
美国企业正面临供应链重组和生产成本上升的双重挑战，这将对跨境电商从业者产生深远影响。新手卖家需要密切关注政策变化，优化供应链布局。
US businesses are facing dual challenges of supply chain restructuring and rising production costs, which will have profound impacts on cross-border e-commerce practitioners. New sellers need to closely monitor policy changes and optimize supply chain arrangements.
