针织外贸行业现状分析：订单回流是短暂繁荣？企业如何应对多重挑战
疫情后的针织外贸行业正面临前所未有的挑战与机遇。根据《每日经济新闻》记者调查，宁波象山等传统针织产业基地的企业正在经历订单波动、成本上涨等多重压力。
The post-pandemic knitting foreign trade industry is facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities. According to an investigation by National Business Daily, enterprises in traditional knitting industrial bases like Ningbo Xiangshan are experiencing multiple pressures including order fluctuations and rising costs.
原材料与劳动力成本双升
Double Rise in Raw Material and Labor Costs
俄乌冲突导致石油价格上涨，直接影响针织行业原材料成本。甬南集团总经理林营表示："涤纶、纤维等原材料价格都随石油价格上涨。"与此同时，劳动力断层问题日益严重，年轻工人不愿进厂，企业面临用工荒。
The Russia-Ukraine conflict has led to rising oil prices, directly affecting raw material costs in the knitting industry. Lin Ying, general manager of Yongnan Group, said: "Prices of raw materials like polyester and fiber have all risen with oil prices." At the same time, the labor gap problem is becoming increasingly serious, as young workers are unwilling to work in factories, leaving enterprises facing labor shortages.
订单回流现象分析
Analysis of Order Return Phenomenon
2021年东南亚订单回流曾带来短暂繁荣，但企业主李深（化名）指出："回流大订单利润薄，有的甚至亏本。"象山县商务局数据显示，2021年针织服装出口43.81亿元，同比增长21.16%，但2022年形势不容乐观。
The return of Southeast Asian orders in 2021 once brought short-lived prosperity, but entrepreneur Li Shen (pseudonym) pointed out: "Large returned orders have thin profits, some even lose money." Data from Xiangshan County Commerce Bureau shows that knitted apparel exports reached 4.381 billion yuan in 2021, a year-on-year increase of 21.16%, but the situation in 2022 is not optimistic.
企业转型策略
Enterprise Transformation Strategies
面对挑战，企业采取不同应对措施：
- 小而精路线：转向数量少、利润高的订单
- 线上展销会：甬南集团通过线上渠道开拓新客户
- 市场多元化：部分企业开发中东奢侈品客户
Facing challenges, enterprises have adopted different coping strategies:
- Small but refined route: Shift to fewer orders with higher profits
- Online exhibitions: Yongnan Group develops new customers through online channels
- Market diversification: Some enterprises develop luxury clients in the Middle East
政策建议与行业展望
Policy Suggestions and Industry Outlook
业内人士建议调整坯布出口退税政策，以增强国内成衣企业竞争力。在双碳背景下，需平衡经济发展与环境保护。展望未来，针织外贸企业需在供应链管理、产品创新和市场开拓等方面持续发力。
Industry insiders suggest adjusting the export tax rebate policy for grey cloth to enhance the competitiveness of domestic garment enterprises. Under the dual-carbon background, it's necessary to balance economic development and environmental protection. Looking ahead, knitting foreign trade enterprises need to continue efforts in supply chain management, product innovation, and market development.
