跨境电商面临的数据合规挑战：从隐私政策到三方数据交换
跨境电商面临的数据合规挑战：从隐私政策到三方数据交换
Cross-Border E-Commerce Data Compliance Challenges: From Privacy Policies to Third-Party Data Exchange
图片来源：pexels
Image Source: pexels
近日，英国消费者机构"Which"调查发现，其从各大跨境电商平台购买的多款婴儿背带没有通过安全和耐用性测试，不合规比例高达10：11。此后，相关涉事产品被各大平台移除下架。
Recently, UK consumer organization "Which" found that multiple baby carriers purchased from major cross-border e-commerce platforms failed safety and durability tests, with a non-compliance rate as high as 10:11. Subsequently, the involved products were removed from platforms.
但这只是跨境电商企业面临的众多合规问题中的一个。事实上，数据隐私合规问题，在国外也有着严格的法律监管和处罚力度。据统计，截至2022年6月12日，欧盟数据保护监管机关依照GDPR实施罚款的次数已经达到1119次，罚款总额达16.4亿欧元。
However, this is just one of many compliance issues faced by cross-border e-commerce companies. In fact, data privacy compliance is subject to strict legal regulations and penalties abroad. According to statistics, as of June 12, 2022, EU data protection authorities have imposed fines under GDPR 1,119 times, totaling €1.64 billion.
迄今为止金额最高的GDPR罚单前十名
Top 10 Highest GDPR Fines to Date
（来源：enforcementtracker.com）
(Source: enforcementtracker.com)
风险一：跨境电商数据信息的收集
Risk 1: Cross-Border E-Commerce Data Collection
跨境电商平台需明确披露其将如何处理用户个人信息，并告知用户，以保证获取用户授权同意的合法、有效。
Cross-border e-commerce platforms must clearly disclose how they will handle user personal information and inform users to ensure the legality and validity of obtaining user authorization.
根据各国法规政策的合规性，用户数据收集一般都含以下细分项目：
According to the compliance requirements of various countries' regulations, user data collection generally includes the following detailed items:
- 用户隐私政策是否以用户方便获取、阅读和理解的方式弹出或展示
- Whether the user privacy policy pops up or is displayed in a way that is easy for users to access, read and understand
- 个人信息收集行为是否向用户明示，是否获取用户授权同意
- Whether personal information collection behavior is clearly indicated to users and whether user authorization is obtained
- 个人信息数据使用的具体场景、涉及的数据信息使用权限和提取范围等，用户是否知悉
- Whether users are aware of the specific scenarios of personal data usage, involved data usage permissions and extraction scope
风险二：跨境电商三方数据交换
Risk 2: Third-Party Data Exchange in Cross-Border E-Commerce
出海电商在完成自有数据收集后，其数据不仅限于内部使用，在实际交易场景下，也有与第三方交换数据要素的需求。
After completing their own data collection, overseas e-commerce companies' data is not only used internally, but also needs to exchange data elements with third parties in actual transaction scenarios.
数据要素的流通场景下，跨境电商企业面临的主要风险如下：
In the circulation scenario of data elements, the main risks faced by cross-border e-commerce enterprises are as follows:
- 是否明晰数据共享双方的数据保护权利和义务
- Whether the data protection rights and obligations of both parties in data sharing are clear
- 数据流通在不同应用场景、国家和地区所面临的合规义务差异
- Differences in compliance obligations faced by data circulation in different application scenarios, countries and regions
风险三：跨境电商出售用户数据
Risk 3: Cross-Border E-Commerce Selling User Data
作为数据资产的控制者，跨境数据的买方直接对数据资产的合规风险承担责任。而合格的数据尽职调查也可以帮助买方更加全面、合理地评估收购价格。
As the controller of data assets, the buyer of cross-border data is directly responsible for the compliance risks of data assets. Qualified data due diligence can also help buyers evaluate acquisition prices more comprehensively and reasonably.
跨境数据的合规尽调清单如下：
The compliance due diligence checklist for cross-border data is as follows:
- 数据处理者主体身份
- Identity of data processor
- 数据处理行为和数字产品或服务
- Data processing behaviors and digital products or services
即刻联系55数据，获取跨境数据尽职调查全套流程
Contact 55 Data immediately to obtain the full process of cross-border data due diligence
大数据、区块链、人工智能、云计算等数字技术的日益成熟，为跨境电商企业带来更多的数字化挑战和机遇。
The increasing maturity of digital technologies such as big data, blockchain, artificial intelligence and cloud computing has brought more digital challenges and opportunities to cross-border e-commerce enterprises.
要谋求更广阔的发展空间，跨境电商需深入了解各国数据隐私法规，建立健全数据合规风险的规避方案。
To seek broader development space, cross-border e-commerce needs to deeply understand the data privacy regulations of various countries and establish sound solutions to avoid data compliance risks.
