中国限制镓锗出口引发欧盟芯片法案加速 全球半导体格局面临重塑
中国原材料出口管制引发连锁反应
China's raw material export controls trigger chain reactions
近期中国宣布对镓和锗等关键半导体原材料实施出口管制，这一决定在国际市场引发强烈反响。尽管中方声明此举不针对特定国家，但美、欧、日、韩等国仍对此表示担忧。这一战略性举措被视为中国在全球科技博弈中的重要一步。
China's recent announcement of export controls on key semiconductor raw materials like gallium and germanium has caused significant reactions in the international market. Although China stated this measure isn't targeting specific countries, the US, EU, Japan and South Korea have expressed concerns. This strategic move is seen as an important step in China's global technology competition.
欧盟紧急通过《芯片法案》应对挑战
EU urgently passes Chip Act to address challenges
7月12日，欧洲议会以压倒性多数（587票赞成、10票反对）通过了《芯片法案》。该法案设定了雄心勃勃的目标：到2030年将欧盟在全球芯片市场的份额从目前的10%提升至20%。法案包含33亿欧元研发投入计划，并着力构建半导体人才培养体系，旨在打造完整的"半导体生态圈"。
On July 12, the European Parliament overwhelmingly passed the EU Chips Act (587 votes in favor, 10 against). The act sets ambitious goals: increasing the EU's global chip market share from current 10% to 20% by 2030. It includes a €3.3 billion R&D investment plan and focuses on building semiconductor talent cultivation systems, aiming to create a complete "semiconductor ecosystem".
全球半导体产业链面临重构
Global semiconductor supply chain faces restructuring
分析人士指出，欧盟此举直接回应中国原材料出口限制，试图减少对亚洲供应链的依赖。然而，欧盟面临双重挑战：一方面需要应对美国对芯片霸权的维护，另一方面64种关键原材料对中国的高度依赖短期内难以改变。数据显示，中国控制着全球80%的镓和60%的锗供应。
Analysts note this EU move directly responds to China's raw material export controls, attempting to reduce dependence on Asian supply chains. However, the EU faces dual challenges: on one hand dealing with US efforts to maintain chip hegemony, on the other hand 64 key raw materials' heavy reliance on China is hard to change in short term. Data shows China controls 80% of global gallium and 60% germanium supply.
中欧半导体合作潜力巨大
Huge potential for China-EU semiconductor cooperation
专家建议，中欧在半导体领域具有显著互补优势：欧洲拥有ASML等顶尖设备制造商，中国则具备庞大的市场需求和完善的制造能力。建立合资企业可能是双赢选择，既能帮助欧盟实现产能目标，又能让中国企业获得关键技术。这种合作若能突破美国限制，将重塑全球半导体产业格局。
Experts suggest China and EU have significant complementary advantages in semiconductors: Europe has top equipment manufacturers like ASML, while China has huge market demand and mature manufacturing capabilities. Establishing joint ventures could be a win-win, helping EU achieve production goals while giving Chinese companies access to key technologies. Such cooperation, if breaking US restrictions, would reshape global semiconductor landscape.
未来展望：科技自主成各国战略重点
Future outlook: Technological autonomy becomes strategic priority
随着各国加速推进半导体自主化，全球科技竞争进入新阶段。中国需要持续加大研发投入，突破光刻机等关键设备技术；欧盟则需平衡与美国的关系同时确保原材料供应；美国可能很快出台新的芯片产业政策。这场"芯片大战"的结果将深刻影响未来全球经济科技格局。
As countries accelerate semiconductor autonomy, global tech competition enters new phase. China needs continuous R&D investment to break through key equipment technologies like lithography machines; EU must balance relations with US while ensuring raw material supply; US may soon introduce new chip industry policies. The outcome of this "chip war" will profoundly impact future global economic and technological landscape.
