外贸寒冬来袭？中国出口企业如何应对订单转移东南亚
记者/蒋芷毓 | 2022年5月23日
Reporter/Jiang Zhiyu | May 23, 2022
今年以来，中国外贸企业正面临前所未有的挑战。原材料价格上涨、海运成本飙升、人民币汇率波动等多重因素叠加，导致许多企业利润空间被大幅压缩。
Chinese exporters are facing unprecedented challenges this year. Rising raw material costs, soaring shipping costs, and RMB exchange rate fluctuations have significantly squeezed profit margins for many companies.
广东某家电企业总经理刘永斌表示："我们的订单量比去年同期减少了1/3，预计今年出口额可能只有去年的一半。"他不得不将业务转向户外用品和宠物烘干机生产。
Liu Yongbin, general manager of a Guangdong home appliance company, said: "Our order volume has decreased by one-third compared with the same period last year, and this year's export volume may be only half of last year." He had to shift his business to outdoor products and pet dryers.
订单转移东南亚现象加剧
Accelerating Order Transfers to Southeast Asia
数据显示，4月中国出口同比增速仅为3.9%，较上月的14.7%大幅下降。与此同时，越南、印尼等东南亚国家出口增速却超过30%。
Data shows that China's export growth in April was only 3.9% year-on-year, a sharp drop from 14.7% in March. Meanwhile, export growth in Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam and Indonesia exceeded 30%.
主要原因包括：
Main reasons include:
- 海运成本上涨10倍，运输时间延长
- Shipping costs increased 10 times, transportation time extended
- 原材料价格持续上涨
- Continuous rise in raw material prices
- 东南亚国家的地缘优势
- Geographical advantages of Southeast Asian countries
企业应对策略
Corporate Coping Strategies
面对困境，外贸企业正在采取多种措施：
Facing difficulties, exporters are taking various measures:
1. 产品转型：刘永斌将生产线转向利润更高的户外用品和宠物用品。
1. Product transformation: Liu Yongbin shifted production lines to more profitable outdoor and pet products.
2. 市场多元化：开拓新兴市场，降低对单一市场的依赖。
2. Market diversification: Explore emerging markets to reduce dependence on a single market.
3. 数字化转型：通过跨境电商等新渠道拓展业务。
3. Digital transformation: Expand business through new channels such as cross-border e-commerce.
政府支持措施
Government Support Measures
中国政府已出台多项政策支持外贸企业：
The Chinese government has introduced several policies to support exporters:
• 加强国际海运运力协调
• Strengthen coordination of international shipping capacity
• 支持企业参加境外展会
• Support enterprises to participate in overseas exhibitions
• 优化出口退税政策
• Optimize export tax rebate policies
专家认为，虽然短期内面临挑战，但中国制造业的完整产业链和规模优势仍难以被完全替代。企业需要通过转型升级来提高竞争力。
Experts believe that although facing challenges in the short term, China's manufacturing industry still has complete industrial chain and scale advantages that are difficult to completely replace. Enterprises need to improve competitiveness through transformation and upgrading.
