解密安化黑茶：万里茶道上的中外贸易密码

解密安化黑茶：万里茶道上的中外贸易密码

Unlocking the Secrets of Anhua Dark Tea: The Trade Code on the Ancient Tea Road

新华社长沙4月29日电 - 在湖南省安化县白沙溪茶厂博物馆内，一批年代久远的黑茶砖格外引人注目。浅黄色的包装纸边角已经磨损，上部印着繁体"安化黑茶砖"字样，下方对应的俄文译文依然清晰可辨。

Xinhua News, Changsha, April 29 - In the museum of Baishaxi Tea Factory in Anhua County, Hunan Province, a collection of aged dark tea bricks attracts special attention. The light yellow packaging paper shows worn edges, with traditional Chinese characters reading "Anhua Dark Tea Brick" at the top and corresponding Russian translation still clearly visible below.

这些产于上世纪六十年代的茶砖是当时出口苏联的样品。"实际上，安化黑茶早在清代就已通过万里茶道走向世界。"白沙溪茶厂副总经理王凯介绍道。

These tea bricks produced in the 1960s were samples for export to the Soviet Union. "In fact, Anhua dark tea had already reached the world via the Ancient Tea Road during the Qing Dynasty," said Wang Kai, deputy general manager of Baishaxi Tea Factory.

万里茶道：中俄贸易的历史见证

The Ancient Tea Road: Historical Witness of Sino-Russian Trade

万里茶道兴盛于17世纪，是继丝绸之路后欧亚大陆上又一条重要国际商道。这条商道南起福建武夷山，途经多个省份，穿越蒙古高原，最终抵达俄罗斯圣彼得堡，全程约1.3万公里。

Flourishing in the 17th century, the Ancient Tea Road was another important international trade route across Eurasia after the Silk Road. Starting from Wuyi Mountain in Fujian province in the south, passing through multiple provinces, crossing the Mongolian Plateau, and finally reaching St. Petersburg in Russia, the route spanned approximately 13,000 kilometers.

"湖南是万里茶道的主要货源地和起始段之一。"湖南省茶业协会常务副会长蒋跃登表示，"以安化黑茶为代表的湖南茶叶，产销量大，国际贸易延续时间长，影响深远。"

"Hunan was one of the main supply sources and starting sections of the Ancient Tea Road," said Jiang Yuedeng, executive vice president of Hunan Tea Association. "Hunan teas represented by Anhua dark tea had large production and sales volumes, with long-lasting international trade influence."

从传统工艺到现代创新

From Traditional Craft to Modern Innovation

安化得天独厚的自然环境与独特的制茶工艺，使其黑茶具有香气浓郁、便于运输等特点。中茶湖南安化第一茶厂至今保留着清代制茶车间和百年木仓。

Anhua's unique natural environment and distinctive tea-making techniques give its dark tea characteristics like rich aroma and easy transportation. The First Tea Factory of China Tea Hunan Anhua still preserves tea-making workshops from the Qing Dynasty and century-old wooden warehouses.

"这些锯齿形车间和茶叶评审室是1950年参照苏联专家的设计图样建造的，"研督员陶优瑞介绍，"是当时茶叶从手工作坊制作向机械化生产迈进的重要标志。"

"These sawtooth-shaped workshops and tea evaluation rooms were built in 1950 based on designs by Soviet experts," said Tao Yourui, a research supervisor. "They marked an important transition from manual workshop production to mechanized manufacturing in tea production."

新时代的茶叶贸易

Tea Trade in the New Era

如今，湖南茶叶搭乘中欧班列走出国门。数据显示，2022年中欧班列（长沙）共发运茶叶510个标准集装箱，货重5315吨，主要出口至俄罗斯、白俄罗斯及中亚等国家和地区。

Today, Hunan teas go abroad via China-Europe freight trains. Statistics show that in 2022, the China-Europe Railway Express (Changsha) transported 510 TEUs of tea, weighing 5,315 tons, mainly exported to Russia, Belarus, and Central Asian countries and regions.

"中欧班列的开行大大缩短了运输时间，"湖南中茶茶业有限公司国际贸易部副经理贺本飞表示，"以长沙到莫斯科为例，海运需要45-60天，而中欧班列只需25-30天。"

"The operation of China-Europe freight trains has significantly reduced transportation time," said He Benfei, deputy manager of the international trade department at China Tea Hunan. "For example, shipping from Changsha to Moscow takes 45-60 days, while the China-Europe Railway takes only 25-30 days."

俄罗斯茶叶销售公司总经理尤利娅·柳季科娃表示："茶在俄罗斯市场需求量很大。近年来，绿茶、乌龙茶、普洱茶、茉莉花茶等产品尤其受到青睐。"

Yulia Lyutikova, general manager of a Russian tea sales company, said: "There's great demand for tea in the Russian market. In recent years, products like green tea, oolong tea, pu'er tea, and jasmine tea have been particularly popular."

王凯表示："这提醒我们不断提升黑茶质量，创新制作工艺，让黑茶更加'时尚'，让更多年轻人了解黑茶、品鉴黑茶。"

Wang Kai noted: "This reminds us to continuously improve the quality of dark tea and innovate production techniques, making dark tea more 'fashionable' and helping more young people understand and appreciate it."