中国企业加速全球化布局：从产品出口到全面出海战略
近年来，中国企业正以前所未有的速度和规模拓展海外市场。 从制造业巨头到科技独角兽，从传统消费品到新能源、数字经济等新兴领域，中国企业的"出海潮"正展现出强大的生命力和广阔前景。
In recent years, Chinese enterprises have been expanding overseas markets at an unprecedented speed and scale. From manufacturing giants to tech unicorns, from traditional consumer goods to emerging fields like new energy and digital economy, the "overseas expansion wave" of Chinese companies demonstrates strong vitality and broad prospects.
从出口到出海的战略转变
Strategic Shift from Export to Overseas Expansion
在第24届中国国际投资贸易洽谈会（投洽会）上，证券时报记者了解到，全球供应链正在加速重构，中国企业也正经历着从单纯出口产品到企业全面出海的战略转变。
At the 24th China International Fair for Investment & Trade (CIFIT), Securities Times reporters learned that global supply chains are undergoing rapid restructuring, while Chinese enterprises are experiencing a strategic shift from simple product exports to comprehensive overseas expansion.
商务部数据显示：2023年中国对外非金融类直接投资达1301亿美元，同比增长11.4%，连续11年稳居世界前三。2024年上半年，我国全行业对外直接投资853亿美元，增长13.2%。
Ministry of Commerce data shows: In 2023, China's non-financial outward direct investment reached $130.1 billion, up 11.4% year-on-year, ranking among the top three globally for 11 consecutive years. In the first half of 2024, China's total outward direct investment was $85.3 billion, an increase of 13.2%.
成功出海案例涌现
Emerging Success Stories of Overseas Expansion
滴滴出行科技有限公司公共事务副总裁陈楠表示："滴滴从2018年开始出海，目前已在14个国家开展业务。在巴西，我们通过收购当地平台已成为最大的一站式出行平台；在埃及，我们占据了约1/3的市场份额。"
Chen Nan, Vice President of Public Affairs at Didi Chuxing Technology Co., Ltd., said: "Didi began its overseas expansion in 2018 and now operates in 14 countries. In Brazil, we have become the largest one-stop mobility platform through local acquisition; in Egypt, we hold about one-third of the market share."
匈牙利中资企业商会会长单位代表朱丹介绍："截至2024年6月，中国企业宣布在匈牙利的投资金额已超200亿美元。新能源汽车产业链龙头企业如宁德时代、比亚迪等都在匈牙利建厂投资，形成产业集群效应。"
Zhu Dan, representative of the Hungarian-Chinese Enterprise Chamber of Commerce, said: "As of June 2024, Chinese companies have announced investment plans exceeding $20 billion in Hungary. Leading new energy vehicle industry chain companies like CATL and BYD have established factories in Hungary, creating industrial cluster effects."
出海面临的挑战与对策
Challenges and Countermeasures in Overseas Expansion
中国企业出海面临多重挑战，包括全球经济放缓、市场竞争激烈、文化差异和人才短缺等。滴滴出行采用"中国技术+当地团队"模式解决本地化问题，在巴西的本地化率超过98%。
Chinese enterprises face multiple challenges in overseas expansion, including global economic slowdown, fierce market competition, cultural differences, and talent shortages. Didi Chuxing adopts a "Chinese technology + local team" model to address localization issues, achieving over 98% localization rate in Brazil.
金融配套服务也在同步跟进。中国出口信用保险公司提供海外投资保险应对国别风险，中国银行等金融机构为出海企业提供全生命周期服务，包括货币调期等金融产品以降低汇率风险。
Financial support services are also keeping pace. China Export & Credit Insurance Corporation provides overseas investment insurance against country risks, while financial institutions like Bank of China offer full lifecycle services for overseas enterprises, including currency swaps to mitigate exchange rate risks.
专家建议：中国企业出海应主动对接政策、践行合规经营、加大履行社会责任力度，通过有益于当地社会的公益活动树立负责任的企业形象。
Expert advice: Chinese enterprises expanding overseas should actively align with policies, practice compliant operations, and strengthen social responsibility efforts, establishing a responsible corporate image through public welfare activities beneficial to local communities.
