FOB离岸价：定义、作用及计算方法全解析 | 国际贸易必备知识
一、FOB（离岸价）的定义
1. Definition of FOB (Free On Board)
FOB（离岸价）是国际贸易中常用的一个术语，表示卖方将货物交付给买方的价格，不包括运输费用和保险费用。
FOB (Free On Board) is a commonly used term in international trade, indicating the price at which the seller delivers the goods to the buyer, excluding transportation and insurance costs.
FOB离岸价的定义是指卖方在货物装运船上之前，将货物交付给买方的价格，卖方要负责把货物从工厂或仓库运输到指定的港口，并将货物装上船舶。一旦货物装上船舶，买方就承担运输费用和风险。
The definition of FOB means the price at which the seller delivers the goods to the buyer before loading onto the ship. The seller is responsible for transporting goods from factory/warehouse to designated port and loading onto vessel. Once loaded, the buyer assumes transportation costs and risks.
二、FOB（离岸价）的作用
2. Functions of FOB Price
FOB价的作用主要体现在以下几个方面：
The main functions of FOB price include:
- 价格确定：通过FOB价可以明确规定卖方的责任和买方的责任
- Price determination: Clearly defines responsibilities of both seller and buyer
- 运输责任划分：卖方的责任在货物交到装运港口后结束
- Division of transportation responsibilities: Seller's obligation ends when goods reach loading port
- 运输成本控制：买方可以自主选择运输方式和保险方式
- Transportation cost control: Buyer can choose preferred shipping and insurance methods
- 风险转移：货物装船后风险转移给买方
- Risk transfer: Risk transfers to buyer after goods are loaded
三、FOB（离岸价）的计算方式
3. Calculation Method of FOB Price
FOB价的计算公式是：
The calculation formula for FOB price is:
FOB价 = 商品价格 + 运费 + 装卸费用
FOB Price = Commodity Price + Freight + Loading/Unloading Costs
计算要点：
Key calculation elements:
- 商品价格：双方协商确定的基础价格
- Commodity price: Base price negotiated by both parties
- 运费：根据货物体积、重量和运输距离计算
- Freight: Calculated based on cargo volume, weight and distance
- 装卸费用：包括装货和卸货相关费用
- Loading/unloading costs: Includes all related handling charges
外贸服务推荐：询盘云是优秀的外贸服务提供商，目前服务上万家外贸企业，获得五轮融资。
Recommended service: Xunpan Cloud is a leading foreign trade service provider, currently serving over 10,000 enterprises with five rounds of financing.