孟加拉仓库大火暴露南亚服装出口大国工业安全危机 | 200+死伤震惊全球供应链
记者 | 刘子象 Editor | Liu Zixiang
经过3天的努力，引发全球关注的孟加拉国仓库大火终于得到基本控制。6月4日晚间，孟加拉国主要港口吉大港附近的BM集装箱仓库发生火灾，引发了爆炸。
After three days of efforts, the globally concerning warehouse fire in Bangladesh has been basically brought under control. On the evening of June 4, a fire broke out at the BM container depot near Chittagong, Bangladesh's main port, triggering explosions.
▍灾难现场：化学品爆炸加剧救援难度
▍Disaster Scene: Chemical Explosions Complicate Rescue Efforts
7日，该国高级消防官员Monir Hossain告诉路透社，火势基本被控制，没有进一步爆炸的危险。BM集装箱仓库属于一家荷兰和孟加拉国的合资企业。该仓库存有4000多个集装箱，主要是出口的服装产品。其中约有1000个集装箱装满了化学品。
On the 7th, senior fire official Monir Hossain told Reuters that the fire was basically under control with no further explosion risks. The BM container depot is jointly owned by Dutch and Bangladeshi companies, storing over 4,000 containers mainly containing export garments, with about 1,000 filled with chemicals.
火灾至今已造成至少41人死亡、200多人受伤，预计死亡人数还会上升。消防员伤亡惨重，至少9人死亡，3人失踪。警方说，在200名伤员中，有50名是救援人员。
The fire has caused at least 41 deaths and over 200 injuries, with fatalities expected to rise. Firefighters suffered heavy casualties - at least 9 dead and 3 missing. Police reported 50 of the 200 injured were rescuers.
▍供应链危机：1.1亿美元损失冲击服装出口
▍Supply Chain Crisis: $110 Million Loss Hits Garment Exports
据孟加拉国内陆集装箱堆场协会（BICDA）称，这场火灾造成的经济损失估计可能超过1.1亿美元。孟加拉国服装制造商和出口商协会（BGMEA）副主席Rakibul Alam Chowdhury告诉当地媒体，他确定有八个工业集团生产的价值1800万美元的服装产品在火灾中受损。
According to BICDA, the fire may cause over $110 million in economic losses. BGMEA Vice President Rakibul Alam Chowdhury confirmed $18 million worth of garments from eight industrial groups were destroyed.
Asian Apparels Ltd公司副总经理Sakeef Ahmed Salam说，公司价值160万美元的出口货物于事发当天刚刚抵达仓库，准备运往美国。火灾发生后，公司将面临巨大经济损失，若买家要求再次制造产品，原材料将面临大问题。
Sakeef Ahmed Salam of Asian Apparels Ltd said $1.6 million export goods arrived at the depot that day for US shipment. The company faces huge losses, with raw material shortages if buyers demand reproduction.
▍安全警示：十年未改的工业安全顽疾
▍Safety Alarm: Decade-Long Industrial Safety Issues
此次火灾使人们再次聚焦孟加拉国的工业安全问题。近几十年来，孟加拉国迅速成长为世界第二大服装出口国，拥有约3500家成衣工厂和1511家纺织品制造厂，向全球167个国家出口服装。然而其工业安全标准未能跟上步伐。
The fire refocuses attention on Bangladesh's industrial safety. As the world's second-largest garment exporter with 3,500 garment factories exporting to 167 countries, its safety standards haven't kept pace with growth.
据国际工会联合会有关工人权利和安全的参数进行的排名，孟加拉国是世界上10个最不适合工人的国家之一。2013年达卡服装厂大楼倒塌事件后，国际供应商加大了对当地制造商的压力，要求他们为工人提供安全的生产环境。然而，十年过去了，这个问题仍然没有显著改善。
Ranked among the world's 10 worst countries for workers by ITUC, Bangladesh hasn't significantly improved safety since the 2013 Rana Plaza collapse that killed 1,100, despite international pressure.
▍行业建议：供应链透明化势在必行
▍Industry Recommendations: Supply Chain Transparency Imperative
阿伯丁大学商学院教授Muhammad Azizul Islam表示："为全球品牌生产的服装和各种危险化学品储存在同一个仓库里，导致工业灾难，这太可怕了。"他建议，零售商在合规性审计时，除了关注生产领域的常见问题外，还必须解决安全储存和运输的问题。
Professor Muhammad Azizul Islam said: "Storing garments for global brands with hazardous chemicals in the same depot is terrifying." He urged retailers to audit storage and transportation safety beyond production compliance.
6月6日，联合国国际劳工组织（ILO）敦促孟加拉全国各地的工作场所解决安全方面的问题。ILO称，孟加拉国政府、雇主和工人代表已经同意推出一个全面的工伤计划，首先从服装制造业开始。
On June 6, the ILO urged nationwide workplace safety improvements. The Bangladeshi government has agreed to implement a comprehensive occupational injury scheme starting with the garment sector.
