海运/空运提单全栏解读：中英文对照与十大注意事项
前言/Preface
很多外贸新人首次接触全英文提单时都会困惑：各栏目具体含义是什么？提单号与订舱号如何区分？集装箱号和铅封号在哪里查找？本文将提供海运/空运提单的中英文对照模板，详解每个字段定义，并附上行业专家总结的十大注意事项。
Many newcomers to international trade often struggle with fully English bills of lading: What does each field mean? How to distinguish between B/L No. and Booking No.? Where to find container and seal numbers? This article provides bilingual templates for ocean/air waybills with detailed field explanations, plus industry experts' top 10 precautions.
海运提单模板/Ocean Bill of Lading Template
海运提单十大关键点/Top 10 Ocean B/L Precautions
- Booking No.：订舱号码 | B/L No.：提单号（各家货代编号规则不同）
- Export References：出口参考号/合同号 | May display contract or booking reference
- FMC/CHB No.：美国线需填联邦海事委员会编号 | Mandatory for US shipments
- Port of Loading：实际装货港 | Actual port of shipment
- Type of Movement：FCL/FCL（整箱）、LCL/LCL（拼箱）等运输方式 | Containerization type
- Marks & Nos：唛头/箱号/铅封号（最易出错字段） | Most error-prone field
- Gross Weight：注意公斤单位和小数点 | Verify kg unit and decimal points
- Freight & Charges：PREPAID（预付）/COLLECT（到付） | Payment terms
空运提单模板/Air Waybill Template
空运提单十大要点/Top 10 Air Waybill Notes
- MAWB NO.：11位主单号（前3位航司代码） | 11-digit master air waybill number
- Not Negotiable：不可转让提单 | Non-negotiable document
- Agent's IATA Code：货运代理结算代码 | Cargo settlement system code
- WT/VAL：PPD（预付）/COLL（到付） | Payment terms for charges
- Rate Class：M（最低运费）、Q（45kg+优惠运价）等运价等级 | Freight rate categories
- Nature of Goods：需用英文大写注明危险品 | Dangerous goods must be declared
特别提醒/Special Notes
1. 海运提单签发日期以最晚装运日期为准 | Ocean B/L date follows latest shipment date
2. 空运主单通常显示PP（预付），分单显示CC（到付） | MAWB usually shows prepaid
