外贸业务全流程详解：从询盘到退税的完整指南
外贸业务全流程对于新人来说可能比较复杂。本文将详细解析外贸出口的11个关键步骤，帮助您更好地掌握外贸业务。
The complete foreign trade process can be complex for beginners. This article will detail 11 key steps in export procedures to help you better understand international trade.
1. 询盘(Inquiry)
通过B2B平台、Google、Facebook、展会或老客户等渠道获取询盘，内容可能涉及价格、规格、品质、数量等。
Obtain inquiries through B2B platforms, Google, Facebook, exhibitions or existing clients, covering price, specifications, quality, quantity, etc.
2. 报价(Quotation)
报价内容包括产品质量等级、规格型号、包装要求、交货期等。常用报价方式有FOB、CNF、CIF等。
Quotation includes product quality grade, specifications, packaging requirements, delivery time, etc. Common terms are FOB, CNF, CIF.
3. 签订合同(Contract Signing)
国际贸易合同形式多样，包括正式合同书、确认书、协议书、备忘录、订单等。
International trade contracts can be formal contracts, confirmation letters, agreements, memorandums, or purchase orders.
4. 付款方式(Payment Methods)
常用国际付款方式有三种：信用证(L/C)、电汇(T/T)和直接付款。
Three common international payment methods: Letter of Credit (L/C), Telegraphic Transfer (T/T), and Direct Payment.
5. 备货(Stock Preparation)
按照合同要求采购或生产货物，需通过商检，外贸公司通常会派跟单员或QC跟踪生产。
Procure or produce goods according to contract requirements, passing commodity inspection. Trading companies usually send merchandisers or QCs to monitor production.
6. 报关(Customs Declaration)
与海关打交道，完成申报、单证审核、货物查验、征税、结关放行等手续。
Deal with customs to complete declaration, document review, cargo inspection, taxation, customs clearance, etc.
7. 货运(Shipping)
完成报关后安排货运，需租船订仓，确保工厂交货时间与船期衔接。
After customs clearance, arrange shipping by chartering vessels/booking space, ensuring factory delivery matches shipping schedule.
8. 提单(Bill of Lading)
海关放行后由货运公司签发的重要单据，进口商凭此提货。
Key document issued by shipping company after customs clearance, used by importer to take delivery.
9. 结汇(Settlement)
货物装运后，按信用证规定在有效期内向银行办理议付结汇手续。
After shipment, present documents to bank for negotiation and settlement within L/C validity period.
10. 核销(Verification)
加工贸易单位在合同执行完毕后向海关提交相关单据进行核查。
Processing trade companies submit documents to customs for verification after contract completion.
11. 退税(Tax Refund)
对出口商品已征收的国内税部分或全部退还给出口商，增强产品国际竞争力。
Refund all or part of domestic taxes on exported goods to enhance international competitiveness.
外贸SEO优化提示：本文包含"外贸流程"、"出口退税"、"国际贸易"等高价值关键词，适合外贸企业网站内容建设。
SEO Tips: This article contains high-value keywords like "foreign trade process", "export tax refund", "international trade", suitable for B2B website content.
