中国商人掘金俄罗斯市场：中俄贸易新机遇与挑战
随着西方制裁持续，中国商品正成为俄罗斯市场的"新宠"。 今年1-4月，中俄贸易额达765.81亿美元，同比增长4.7%，创下历史新高。这场由地缘政治催生的贸易转型，正在重塑欧亚大陆的商业格局。
As Western sanctions persist, Chinese goods are becoming the "new favorite" in the Russian market. From January to April this year, China-Russia trade volume reached $76.581 billion, a year-on-year increase of 4.7%, hitting a record high. This trade transformation catalyzed by geopolitics is reshaping the commercial landscape across Eurasia.
绥芬河中速汽车进出口有限公司俄罗斯总经理陈刚表示："相比两年前，我们业务已扩展到汽车、配件、沥青、有色金属等多个领域，公司流水增长上百倍！"这种爆发式增长在俄罗斯市场并非个例。随着欧美企业撤离，俄罗斯各行业都在积极寻找中国替代供应商。
Chen Gang, Russian general manager of Suifenhe Zhongsu Automobile Import and Export Co., Ltd., said: "Compared with two years ago, our business has expanded to multiple fields including automobiles, parts, asphalt, and non-ferrous metals, with company turnover increasing a hundredfold!" This explosive growth is not an isolated case in the Russian market. With the withdrawal of European and American companies, various industries in Russia are actively seeking Chinese alternative suppliers.
中国汽车成为俄罗斯市场"黑马"
Chinese cars emerge as "dark horse" in Russian market
陈刚特别提到："我现在向俄罗斯销售'零公里二手车'。中国的汽车成本低、质量好，长城、奇瑞等品牌在俄罗斯非常受欢迎。"数据显示，2023年中国品牌汽车在俄市场份额从不足10%跃升至近50%，预计2024年仍将是俄罗斯的"中国汽车大年"。
Chen Gang specifically mentioned: "I'm now selling 'zero-kilometer used cars' to Russia. Chinese cars are low-cost and high-quality, with brands like Great Wall and Chery being very popular in Russia." Data shows that in 2023, the market share of Chinese brand cars in Russia jumped from less than 10% to nearly 50%, and 2024 is expected to remain a "big year for Chinese cars" in Russia.
从"被动采购"到"主动选择"的转变
Shift from "passive procurement" to "active choice"
俄罗斯商人奥列格的经历颇具代表性："与中国企业接洽后，我被完全惊呆了——产品质量与西方相当甚至更好，价格却只有一半。"这种认知转变正在俄罗斯各个行业发生，家用汽车、工程机械等传统西方优势领域也不例外。
The experience of Russian businessman Oleg is quite representative: "After contacting Chinese companies, I was completely stunned - the product quality was comparable to or even better than Western products, but the price was only half." This cognitive shift is occurring across various industries in Russia, including traditional Western strongholds like household cars and engineering machinery.
支付与物流成为新挑战
Payment and logistics emerge as new challenges
随着贸易规模扩大，新的问题也随之浮现：
As trade volume expands, new challenges have emerged:
- 支付结算：受美国"二级制裁"影响，中国银行收紧对俄业务审核，导致款项延迟
- Payment settlement: Affected by US "secondary sanctions", Chinese banks have tightened review of Russian business, causing payment delays
- 物流瓶颈：俄罗斯铁路运力不足，远东港口超负荷运转
- Logistics bottlenecks: Insufficient Russian railway capacity and overloaded Far East ports
从事中俄贸易20余年的范业良表示："我们期待两国能加强基建合作，提升运力，同时尽快实现支付系统对接。"目前，一些企业已开始尝试通过边境农商行进行结算，但尚无法满足日益增长的贸易需求。
Fan Yeliang, who has been engaged in China-Russia trade for over 20 years, said: "We hope the two countries can strengthen infrastructure cooperation to improve transportation capacity, while achieving payment system connectivity as soon as possible." Currently, some companies have begun trying to settle through border agricultural banks, but this cannot yet meet growing trade demands.
展望未来：本地化生产成趋势
Future outlook: Localized production becomes trend
俄罗斯工业和贸易部副部长阿列克谢·格鲁兹杰夫指出："最成功的企业将是那些决定在俄境内进行本地化生产的企业。"随着中俄贸易额向3000亿美元目标迈进，两国企业正在建立包括技术转让在内的稳定合作链，共同开拓这片充满机遇的新市场。
Russian Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade Alexey Gruzdev pointed out: "The most successful companies will be those that decide to localize production in Russia." As China-Russia trade volume moves toward the $300 billion target, companies from both countries are establishing stable cooperation chains including technology transfer to jointly develop this new market full of opportunities.
