外贸出口全流程指南：从询盘到结汇一站式解析
近年来，随着全球贸易的快速发展，越来越多的企业开始涉足外贸领域。但对于刚入行的外贸人员来说，复杂的出口流程常常让人望而生畏。本文将用"约—货—款—运—单"五个关键词，带您全面了解外贸出口全流程。
In recent years, with the rapid development of global trade, more and more companies have entered the foreign trade field. However, for newcomers, the complex export process can often be daunting. This article will use five keywords - "Contract-Goods-Payment-Transport-Documents" to provide you with a comprehensive understanding of the entire foreign trade export process.
第一步：客户询盘 | Step 1: Customer Inquiry
客户询盘是外贸业务的第一步，通常通过邮件、电话等方式提出关于产品价格、交货期等问题。专业的回复能有效提升成交机会。
Customer inquiry is the first step in foreign trade business, usually made via email or phone regarding product price, delivery time, etc. Professional responses can effectively increase transaction opportunities.
第二步：报价 | Step 2: Quotation
外贸报价主要包含以下三种形式：
- FOB（离岸价）：卖方负责将货物运至装运港
- CFR（成本加运费）：卖方负责运输费用
- CIF（成本加保险加运费）：卖方负责运输和保险
There are three main forms of foreign trade quotations:
- FOB (Free On Board): Seller responsible for delivering goods to port of shipment
- CFR (Cost and Freight): Seller responsible for transportation costs
- CIF (Cost Insurance and Freight): Seller responsible for transportation and insurance
第三步：订单确认 | Step 3: Order Confirmation
收到正式采购订单后，需确认交货时间、付款方式等细节，并安排生产计划。
After receiving the formal purchase order, confirm details such as delivery time and payment method, and arrange production plans.
第四步：备货与检查 | Step 4: Preparation and Inspection
备货时需特别注意：
Special attention should be paid during preparation:
- 产品规格和质量要求 | Product specifications and quality requirements
- 包装和标识标准 | Packaging and labeling standards
- 商检要求（如适用）| Inspection requirements (if applicable)
第五步：通关 | Step 5: Customs Clearance
通关必备文件包括：
Essential documents for customs clearance include:
- 商业发票 | Commercial invoice
- 装箱单 | Packing list
- 产地证明 | Certificate of origin
- 商检证书 | Inspection certificate
第六步：货运 | Step 6: Shipping
货运环节需注意：
Key points in shipping:
- 购买适当的运输保险 | Purchase appropriate transportation insurance
- 准备提单等运输单据 | Prepare shipping documents such as bills of lading
- 确保单据符合信用证要求 | Ensure documents meet letter of credit requirements
第七步：结汇 | Step 7: Settlement
货物装运完成后，需准备完整单据在信用证规定期限内交银行办理结汇。
After shipment is completed, prepare complete documents and submit them to the bank within the period specified in the letter of credit for settlement.
掌握这些外贸出口流程关键点，将帮助您更顺利地开展国际贸易业务。
Mastering these key points of the foreign trade export process will help you conduct international trade business more smoothly.
