Ruby

Add a cache for class variables

Redo of 34a2acdac788602c14bf05fb616215187badd504 and
931138b00696419945dc03e10f033b1f53cd50f3 which were reverted.

GitHub PR #4340.

This change implements a cache for class variables. Previously there was
no cache for cvars. Cvar access is slow due to needing to travel all the
way up th ancestor tree before returning the cvar value. The deeper the
ancestor tree the slower cvar access will be.

The benefits of the cache are more visible with a higher number of
included modules due to the way Ruby looks up class variables. The
benchmark here includes 26 modules and shows with the cache, this branch
is 6.5x faster when accessing class variables.

compare-ruby: ruby 3.1.0dev (2021-03-15T06:22:34Z master 9e5105c) [x86_64-darwin19] built-ruby: ruby 3.1.0dev (2021-03-15T12:12:44Z add-cache-for-clas.. c6be009) [x86_64-darwin19] | |compare-ruby|built-ruby| |:--------|-----------:|---------:| |vm_cvar | 5.681M| 36.980M| | | -| 6.51x| 

Benchmark.ips calling ActiveRecord::Base.logger from within a Rails
application. ActiveRecord::Base.logger has 71 ancestors. The more
ancestors a tree has, the more clear the speed increase. IE if Base had
only one ancestor we'd see no improvement. This benchmark is run on a
vanilla Rails application.

Benchmark code:

require "benchmark/ips" require_relative "config/environment" Benchmark.ips do |x| x.report "logger" do ActiveRecord::Base.logger end end 

Ruby 3.0 master / Rails 6.1:

Warming up -------------------------------------- logger 155.251k i/100ms Calculating ------------------------------------- 

Ruby 3.0 with cvar cache / Rails 6.1:

Warming up -------------------------------------- logger 1.546M i/100ms Calculating ------------------------------------- logger 14.857M (± 4.8%) i/s - 74.198M in 5.006202s 

Lastly we ran a benchmark to demonstate the difference between master
and our cache when the number of modules increases. This benchmark
measures 1 ancestor, 30 ancestors, and 100 ancestors.

Ruby 3.0 master:

Warming up -------------------------------------- 1 module 1.231M i/100ms 30 modules 432.020k i/100ms 100 modules 145.399k i/100ms Calculating ------------------------------------- 1 module 12.210M (± 2.1%) i/s - 61.553M in 5.043400s 30 modules 4.354M (± 2.7%) i/s - 22.033M in 5.063839s 100 modules 1.434M (± 2.9%) i/s - 7.270M in 5.072531s Comparison: 1 module: 12209958.3 i/s 30 modules: 4354217.8 i/s - 2.80x (± 0.00) slower 100 modules: 1434447.3 i/s - 8.51x (± 0.00) slower 

Ruby 3.0 with cvar cache:

Warming up -------------------------------------- 1 module 1.641M i/100ms 30 modules 1.655M i/100ms 100 modules 1.620M i/100ms Calculating ------------------------------------- 1 module 16.279M (± 3.8%) i/s - 82.038M in 5.046923s 30 modules 15.891M (± 3.9%) i/s - 79.459M in 5.007958s 100 modules 16.087M (± 3.6%) i/s - 81.005M in 5.041931s Comparison: 1 module: 16279458.0 i/s 100 modules: 16087484.6 i/s - same-ish: difference falls within error 30 modules: 15891406.2 i/s - same-ish: difference falls within error 

Co-authored-by: Aaron Patterson tenderlove@ruby-lang.org