Official Python bindings for Selenium WebDriver
Project description
Introduction
Python language bindings for Selenium WebDriver.
The selenium package is used to automate web browser interaction from Python.
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GitHub: | |
PyPI: | |
IRC/Slack: | |
Docs: | |
API Docs: |
Updated documentation published with each commit is available at: readthedocs.io
Supported Python Versions
Python 3.9+
Supported Browsers
Several browsers are supported, as well as the Remote protocol:
Chrome
Edge
Firefox
Safari
WebKitGTK
WPEWebKit
Installing
If you have pip on your system, you can simply install or upgrade the Python bindings:
pip install -U selenium
You may want to consider using a virtual environment to create isolated Python environments.
Drivers
Selenium requires a driver to interface with the chosen browser (chromedriver, edgedriver, geckodriver, etc).
In older versions of Selenium, it was necessary to install and manage these drivers yourself. You had to make sure the driver executable was available on your system PATH, or specified explicitly in code. Modern versions of Selenium handle browser and driver installation for you with Selenium Manager. You generally don’t have to worry about driver installation or configuration now that it’s done for you when you instantiate a WebDriver. Selenium Manager works with most supported platforms and browsers. If it doesn’t meet your needs, you can still install and specify browsers and drivers yourself.
Links to some of the more popular browser drivers:
Chrome: | |
Edge: | https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver |
Firefox: | |
Safari: |
Example 0:
launch a new Chrome browser
load a web page
close the browser
from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get('https://selenium.dev/') driver.quit()Example 1:
launch a new Chrome browser
load the Selenium documentation page
find the “Webdriver” link
click the “WebDriver” link
close the browser
from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get('https://selenium.dev/documentation') assert 'Selenium' in driver.title elem = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'm-documentationwebdriver') elem.click() assert 'WebDriver' in driver.title driver.quit()Example 2:
Selenium WebDriver is often used as a basis for testing web applications. Here is a simple example using Python’s standard unittest library:
import unittest from selenium import webdriver class GoogleTestCase(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.driver = webdriver.Firefox() self.addCleanup(self.driver.quit) def test_page_title(self): self.driver.get('https://www.google.com') self.assertIn('Google', self.driver.title) if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main(verbosity=2)Selenium Grid (optional)
For local Selenium scripts, the Java server is not needed.
To use Selenium remotely, you need to also run the Selenium grid. For information on running Selenium Grid: https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/grid/getting_started/
To use Remote WebDriver see: https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/drivers/remote_webdriver/?tab=python
Use The Source Luke!
View source code online:
Official: |
Contributing
Fork the selenium repo and clone it locally
- Create a branch for your work
Run: git checkout -b my-cool-branch-name
- Create a virtual environment and install tox
Run: python -m venv venv && source venv/bin/activate && pip install tox
Make your changes
Run: tox -e linting
- If tox exits 0, commit and push. Otherwise, fix the newly introduced style violations
flake8 requires manual fixes
black will rewrite the violations automatically, however the files are unstaged and should be staged again
isort will rewrite the violations automatically, however the files are unstaged and should be staged again
Submit a Pull Request
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