Classical problem which is believed not to be in P is number factoring, which can be cast as checking whethercomputing a decomposition of a cyclic group isinto simple ones.
Several problems in permutation groups are known to be as hard as graph isomorphism, thus not believed to be in P, too.
There are also NP-hard problems known for permutation groups, see e.g. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012365X09001289