Definition of OS use of os services that os provide File management Program development Program execution I/O Management Debugging Accounting Access Control Multi Programming Time Sharing and multi Tasking Job Pool and Job scheduler Virtual Memory Swap Job Scheduling Process and program 

 Interactive and batch os buffering and spooling Multi-Process (symmetric and asymmetric) Distributed and RealTime(Soft-Hard) Process Management File Management I/O management Storage Management Memory Management Operating System Architecture Monolithic os Layered Os Microkernel Modules Virtual Machine Client-Server Hybrid Os 

 Process Status New Ready Wait - Suspend Terminate Running I/O and CPU Burst Scheduling Schedulers in OS Long Term Scheduler Middle Term Scheduler Short Term Scheduler I/O Scheduler CPU scheduling Preemptive and Non-Preemptive Scheduling Interrupt Internal interrupts (Trap) External interrupts (Hw) software interrupts svc Dispatcher Dispatch Latency scheduling criteria 

 Scheduling algorithms First come First Serve Shortest Job First - Shortest-remaining-time-first FIFO PCB Convoy Effect 

 Priority scheduling indefinite Blocking Starvation (Round Robin) RR Context Switch Multilevel queue Multilevel feedback queue Aging 

 Storage hierarchy register cache memory disk cache optical disk usb etc Paging Base Hardware Address binding Physical and logical Address logical and physical address space MMU swapping Contiguous Memory allocation Memory Allocation Memory Allocation Algorithm First-Fit Best-Fit Wors-Fit Next-Fit External Fragmentation Internal Fragmentation compaction 

 Memory segmentation Paging Segmentation Methods Segmentation Hardware 

 DeadLock Methods for handling deadlock 1. Eliminate mutual exclusion 2. Solve hold and wait 3. Allow preemption 4. Circular wait Solution system resource allocation graph 

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