This article is an extract from my book: The Complete Guide to Modern JavaScript.
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What is a Set?
A Set is an Object where we can store unique values of any type.
// create our set const family = new Set(); // add values to it family.add("Dad"); console.log(family); // Set [ "Dad" ] family.add("Mom"); console.log(family); // Set [ "Dad", "Mom" ] family.add("Son"); console.log(family); // Set [ "Dad", "Mom", "Son" ] family.add("Dad"); console.log(family); // Set [ "Dad", "Mom", "Son" ] As you can see, at the end we tried to add "Dad" again,but the Set still remained the same because a Set can only take unique values.
Let's continue using the same Set and see what methods we can use on it.
family.size; // 3 family.keys(); // SetIterator {"Dad", "Mom", "Son"} family.entries(); // SetIterator {"Dad", "Mom", "Son"} family.values(); // SetIterator {"Dad", "Mom", "Son"} family.delete("Dad"); family; // Set [ "Mom", "Son" ] family.clear; family; // Set [] As you can see a Set has a size property and we can delete an item from it or use clear to delete all the items from it.
We can also notice that a Set does not have keys so when we call .keys() we get the same as calling .values() or .entries().
Loop over a Set
We have two ways of iterating over a Set: using .next() or using a for of loop.
// using `.next()` const iterator = family.values(); iterator.next(); // Object { value: "Dad", done: false } iterator.next(); // Object { value: "Mom", done: false } // using a `for of` loop for(const person of family) { console.log(person); } // Dad // Mom // Son
Remove duplicates from an array
We can use a Set to remove duplicates from an Array since we know it can only hold unique values.
const myArray = ["dad", "mom", "son", "dad", "mom", "daughter"]; const set = new Set(myArray); console.log(set); // Set [ "dad", "mom", "son", "daughter" ] // transform the `Set` into an Array const uniqueArray = Array.from(set); console.log(uniqueArray); // Array [ "dad", "mom", "son", "daughter" ] // write the same but in a single line const uniqueArray = Array.from(new Set(myArray)); // Array [ "dad", "mom", "son", "daughter" ] As you can see the new array only contains the unique values from the original array.
What is a WeakSet?
A WeakSet is similar to a Set but it can only contain Objects.
let dad = {name: "Daddy", age: 50}; let mom = {name: "Mummy", age: 45}; const family = new WeakSet([dad,mom]); for(const person of family){ console.log(person); } // TypeError: family is not iterable We created our new WeakSet but when we tried to use a for of loop it did not work, we can't iterate over a WeakSet.
A WeakSet cleans itself up after we delete an element from it.
dad = null; family; // WeakSet [ {…}, {…} ] // wait a few seconds family; // WeakSet [ {…} ] As you can see after a few seconds dad was removed and garbage collected. That happened because the reference to it was lost when we set the value to null.
What is a Map?
A Map is similar to a Set, but they have key and value pairs.
const family = new Map(); family.set("Dad", 40); family.set("Mom", 50); family.set("Son", 20); family; // Map { Dad → 40, Mom → 50, Son → 20 } family.size; // 3 family.forEach((key,val) => console.log(val,key)); // Dad 40 // Mom 50 // Son 20 for(const [key,val] of family){ console.log(key,val); } // Dad 40 // Mom 50 // Son 20 If you remember, we could iterate over a Set only with a for of loop, while we can iterate over a Map with both a for of and a forEach loop.
What is a WeakMap?
A WeakMap is a collection of key/value pairs and similarly to a WeakSet, even in a WeakMap the keys are weakly referenced, which means that when the reference is lost, the value will be removed from the WeakMap and garbage collected.
A WeakMap is not enumerable therefore we cannot loop over it.
let dad = { name: "Daddy" }; let mom = { name: "Mommy" }; const myMap = new Map(); const myWeakMap = new WeakMap(); myMap.set(dad); myWeakMap.set(mom); dad = null; mom = null; myMap; // Map(1) {{…}} myWeakMap; // WeakMap {} As you can see mom was garbage collected after we set the its value to null whilst dad still remains inside our Map.
Thank you very much for reading. Follow me on DevTo or on my blog at inspiredwebdev.com for more.
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